球虫病是由艾美球虫属引起的肠道寄生虫病,对肉鸡养殖业构成重大经济威胁。化学预防和活卵囊疫苗的误用对鸡的繁殖有负面影响。因此,迫切需要发展安全,方便,有效的疫苗。乳酸菌可用作递送针对肠道病原体的粘膜疫苗的手段,这是一个很有前途的策略。在这项研究中,重组植物乳杆菌(L.plantarum)具有表面表达的抗原,该抗原由柔嫩艾美耳球虫融合而成(E.产生了tenella)抗原profilin和肠沙门氏菌血清型鼠伤寒鞭毛蛋白FliC。用重组植物乳杆菌口服免疫后,通过流式细胞术分析T细胞分化,通过间接ELISA测定特异性抗体水平。卵囊脱落,体重,和盲肠病变被评估为在用E.tenella攻击后保护性免疫的量度。这项研究的结果证明了重组植物乳杆菌作为鸡的免疫剂的有效性。重组植物乳杆菌免疫鸡肠中特异性IgA滴度和血清中特异性IgG抗体滴度显著高于重组植物乳杆菌(P<0.001)。此外,血清中IL-2(P<0.05)和IFN-γ(P<0.01)水平明显升高。重组植物乳杆菌诱导T细胞分化,导致脾细胞中CD4+和CD8+T细胞的比例更高(P<0.001)。免疫组粪便卵囊脱落明显减少(P<0.001)。此外,重组植物乳杆菌显著缓解盲肠病理性损伤,病变评分(P<0.01)和组织病理学盲肠切片证明。总之,本研究提供了证据支持使用植物乳杆菌作为有希望的载体递送保护性抗原以有效保护鸡免受球虫病的可能性。
Coccidiosis is a parasitic disease in the intestine caused by the genus Eimeria that poses a substantial economic threat to the broiler breeding industry. The misuse of chemoprophylaxis and live oocyst vaccines has a negative impact on chicken reproductivity. Therefore, there is a pressing need to develop safe, convenient, and effective vaccines. Lactic acid bacteria can be used as a means to deliver mucosal vaccines against intestinal pathogens, which is a promising strategy. In this study, a recombinant Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) with surface-expressed antigens constructed from the fusion of Eimeria tenella (E. tenella) antigen profilin and the Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium flagellin protein FliC was created. After oral immunization with the recombinant L. plantarum, T-cell differentiation was analyzed by flow cytometry, and specific antibody levels were determined via indirect ELISA. Oocyst shedding, body weight, and cecum lesions were assessed as measures of protective immunity after challenge with E. tenella. The results of this study demonstrate the effectiveness of recombinant L. plantarum as an immunization agent for chickens. Specific IgA titers in the intestine and specific IgG antibody titers in the serum were significantly higher in chickens immunized with recombinant L. plantarum (P < 0.001). Additionally, the levels of IL-2 (P < 0.05) and IFN-γ (P < 0.01) in the serum were markedly increased. Recombinant L. plantarum induced T-cell differentiation, resulting in a higher proportion of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in splenocytes (P < 0.001). Fecal oocyst shedding in the immunized group was significantly reduced (P < 0.001). Additionally, recombinant L. plantarum significantly relieved pathological damage in the cecum, as evidenced by lesion scores (P < 0.01) and histopathological cecum sections. In conclusion, the present study provides evidence to support the possibility of using L. plantarum as a promising carrier for the delivery of protective antigens to effectively protect chickens against coccidiosis.