每年,塞拉利昂估计有301人死于狂犬病。犬疫苗接种对于狂犬病的预防和控制工作至关重要。然而,疫苗接种率存在相当大的差异。这种变化的原因尚不清楚。我们对2,558个拥有狗的家庭(HHs)进行了横断面研究,以提供影响犬科疫苗接种的因素的见解,以便有针对性地预防和控制到2030年消除。首先,我们描述了养狗的做法,然后建立了一个概率模型来了解与狗接种疫苗相关的因素,最后使用空间扫描统计来识别疫苗接种率低的空间集群。我们的结果表明,只有14%(358/2,558)的参与HH完全接种了狂犬病疫苗。将公务员与私营工人/工匠进行比较时,狗疫苗接种的可能性增加,赔率比(OR)为1.14(95%可信区间(Crl)为0.82-1.56),居住在有兽医机构的地方无(OR=6.43,95%Crl(4.97-8.35),为狗提供护理vs.允许狗自由漫游(OR=2.38,95%Crl(1.80-3.17),并且拥有一只狗与多只狗(OR=1.20,95Crl(0.92-1.56)。相反,当比较位于农村的狗主人与城市地区(OR=0.58,CrI95%(0.43-0.78)。潜在的理解,衡量对狂犬病病毒的全面了解,我们使用参与者的教育水平和对狂犬病流行病学问题的回答来估计,也是疫苗接种概率的重要预测因子(OR=1.44,95%Crl(1.04,2.07)。空间分析确定了Mayamba城市低疫苗接种的高风险集群,半径40公里,相对风险(RR)为1.10,Bo,半径为19.9公里,RR为1.11。这些数据并不支持塞拉利昂实现2030年消除由狗引起的人类狂犬病的目标。我们的研究强调了公众宣传和教育的迫切需要,提高疫苗接种率,增加兽医服务的可及性,和有针对性的干预措施,以支持狂犬病预防和控制工作。
Annually, Sierra Leone records an estimated 301 human fatalities due to rabies. Canine vaccination is crucial for rabies prevention and control efforts. However, considerable variability exists in vaccination rates. Reasons for this variation remain unclear. We conducted a cross-sectional study across 2,558 dog-owning households (HHs) to provide insights into factors influencing canine vaccination for targeted prevention and control towards elimination by 2030. First, we described dog ownership practices, then built a probabilistic model to understand factors associated with dog vaccination, and finally used a spatial scan statistic to identify spatial clusters where vaccination rates were low. Our results indicated that only 14% (358/2,558) of participating HHs had fully vaccinated their dogs against rabies. The probability of dog vaccination increased when comparing civil servants to private workers/artisans, with an Odds Ratio(OR) of 1.14 (95% credible interval (Crl) of 0.82-1.56), residing in locations with a veterinary establishment vs. none (OR = 6.43, 95% Crl (4.97-8.35), providing care to dogs vs. allowing dogs to roam freely (OR = 2.38, 95% Crl(1.80-3.17) and owning a single dog vs multiple dogs (OR = 1.20, 95 Crl (0.92-1.56). Conversely, there was a decrease in the estimated probability of vaccination when comparing dog owners located in rural vs. urban areas (OR = 0.58, CrI 95% (0.43-0.78). Latent understanding, a measure of overall understanding of rabies virus, which we estimated using participant education levels and responses to questions about rabies epidemiology, was also an important predictor of vaccination probability (OR = 1.44, 95% Crl (1.04-2.07). The spatial analysis identified high-risk clusters for low vaccination in the cities of Moyamba, with a radius of 40 km, a relative risk (RR) of 1.10, and Bo, with a radius of 19.9 km with RR of 1.11. These data do not support Sierra Leone reaching the 2030 goal of human rabies elimination caused by dogs. Our study highlights a critical need for public outreach and education, improved vaccination rates, increased accessibility to veterinary services, and targeted interventions in Bo and Moyamba to support rabies prevention and control efforts.