目的:确定咪达唑仑对Quaker鹦鹉(Myiopsittamonachus)使用电刺激测量的潮气末异氟醚浓度(Fe\'Iso)的最低麻醉浓度(MAC)降低的影响。
方法:随机交叉实验研究。
方法:一组六只成年贵格会鹦鹉,体重98-124g。
方法:用异氟烷在面罩输送的氧气中麻醉鸟类,然后气管插管和机械通气。在麻醉事件之间以4天的间隔应用三种治疗。每只麻醉的鸟服用咪达唑仑(1mgkg-1;治疗MID1),咪达唑仑(2mgkg-1;治疗MID2)或电解质溶液(对照)肌肉内。使用重复的拉丁方阵设计进行治疗,并使观察者失明。基于一只飞行员鸟,起始Fe\'Iso为1.8%。平衡10分钟后,使用电流(20V和50Hz持续10ms)提供超最大刺激,并观察鸟类的非反射运动。Fe\'Iso滴定0.1%,直到观察到交叉事件。使用逻辑回归估计MAC。
结果:异氟烷的MAC(MACISO)估计为2.52%[95%置信区间(CI),2.19-2.85],区间为1.85-2.65%。MID1中的MACISO为2.04%(95%CI,1.71-2.37),MID2中的MACISO为1.81%(95%CI,1.48-2.14);MACISO比对照组降低了19%(p=0.001)和28%(p<0.001),分别。心率,温度,性别和麻醉时间在治疗之间没有差异。
结论:咪达唑仑(1-2mgkg-1)在Quaker鹦鹉中对有害刺激产生了显着的异氟醚节约作用,而没有可观察到的不良反应。
结论:咪达唑仑可作为平衡麻醉方法的一部分,在贵格会鹦鹉中使用异氟烷,并可能存在于其他鹦鹉碱物种中。
OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of midazolam on the minimum anesthetic concentration (MAC) reduction of end-tidal isoflurane concentration (Fe\'Iso) measured using an electrical stimulus in Quaker parrots (Myiopsitta monachus).
METHODS: Randomized crossover experimental study.
METHODS: A group of six adult Quaker parrots, weighing 98-124 g.
METHODS: Birds were anesthetized with isoflurane in oxygen delivered by mask, then tracheally intubated and mechanically ventilated. Three treatments were applied with a 4 day interval between anesthetic events. Each anesthetized bird was administered midazolam (1 mg kg-1; treatment MID1), midazolam (2 mg kg-1; treatment MID2) or electrolyte solution (control) intramuscularly. The treatments were administered using a replicated Latin square design and the observers were blinded. Based on a pilot bird, the starting Fe\'Iso was 1.8%. After equilibration for 10 minutes, a supramaximal stimulus was delivered using an electrical current (20 V and 50 Hz for 10 ms) and birds were observed for non-reflex movement. The Fe\'Iso was titrated by 0.1% until a crossover event was observed. The MAC was estimated using logistic regression.
RESULTS: The MAC of isoflurane (MACISO) was estimated at 2.52% [95% confidence interval (CI), 2.19-2.85] with a range of 1.85-2.65%. MACISO in MID1 was 2.04% (95% CI, 1.71-2.37) and in MID2 was 1.81% (95% CI, 1.48-2.14); reductions in MACISO from control of 19% (p = 0.001) and 28% (p < 0.001), respectively. Heart rate, temperature, sex and anesthetic time were not different among treatments.
CONCLUSIONS: Midazolam (1-2 mg kg-1) intramuscularly resulted in a significant isoflurane-sparing effect in response to a noxious stimulus in Quaker parrots without observable adverse effects.
CONCLUSIONS: Midazolam can be used as part of a balanced anesthetic approach using isoflurane in Quaker parrots, and potentially in other
psittacine species.