禽衣原体病是一种重要的被忽视的疾病,具有严重的人畜共患潜力。披肩衣原体,病原体,影响大多数种类的鸟类,牲畜,伴侣动物,和人类。它有许多模糊的特征和流行病学维度,这使得它在其他细菌制剂中独一无二。最近关于马向人类传播的报告震惊了公共卫生当局,这就需要对这种传染病进行常规筛查。马溢出感染的高患病率与生殖损失有关。近年来,有报道称鸟类衣原体物种较新。它是一种潜在的生物战剂,该疾病主要是对处理外来鸟类的海关官员的职业危害。这种疾病在野生鸟类中的患病率,宠物鸟,和家禽对家禽业和宠物鸟贸易造成经济损失。有趣的是,有关于“合法”和“非法”鸟类贸易的猜测,这可能是这种病原体一些最致命菌株的全球来源。在未经治疗的情况下,死亡率通常在5%至40%之间,但有时合并感染会更高。这种病原体的细胞内生活方式使诊断更加复杂,也缺乏准确的诊断方法。仅在衣原体科的某些病原体中报告了对抗生素的抗性,但是常规筛查可以评估所有病原体的实际情况。由于病原体的多样性,生物体需要OneHealth伙伴关系才能完全理解。本综述着重于禽类衣原体病的人畜共患方面,并对其发病机理有新的见解,传输,治疗,预防,和控制策略。该审查还简要介绍了禽衣原体病的基本理解和复杂的流行病学,强调需要对新兴的一种健康观点进行研究。
Avian chlamydiosis is one of the important neglected diseases with critical zoonotic potential. Chlamydia psittaci, the causative agent, affects most categories of birds, livestock, companion animals, and humans. It has many obscured characters and epidemiological dimensions, which makes it unique among other bacterial agents. Recent reports on transmission from equine to humans alarmed the public health authorities, and it necessitates the importance of routine screening of this infectious disease. High prevalence of spill-over infection in equines was associated with reproductive losses. Newer avian chlamydial species are being reported in the recent years. It is a potential biological warfare agent and the disease is an occupational hazard mainly to custom officers handling exotic birds. Prevalence of the disease in wild birds, pet birds, and poultry causes economic losses to the poultry industry and the pet bird trade. Interestingly, there are speculations on the \'legal\' and \'illegal\' bird trade that may be the global source of some of the most virulent strains of this pathogen. The mortality rate generally ranges from 5 to 40% in untreated cases, but it can sometimes be higher in co-infection. The intracellular lifestyle of this pathogen makes the diagnosis more complicated and there is also lack of accurate diagnostics. Resistance to antibiotics is reported only in some pathogens of the Chlamydiaceae family, but routine screening may assess the actual situation in all pathogens. Due to the diverse nature of the pathogen, the organism necessitates the One Health partnerships to have complete understanding. The present
review focuses on the zoonotic aspects of avian chlamydiosis with its new insights into the pathogenesis, transmission, treatment, prevention, and control strategies. The
review also briefs on the basic understandings and complex epidemiology of avian chlamydiosis, highlighting the need for research on emerging one health perspectives.