■据报道,气溶胶污染物的疾病引发和疾病介导的作用可能与浓度有关,沉积的地点,暴露的持续时间,以及污染物的具体化学成分。
■研究维尔纽斯小学粉尘聚集体的微量元素组成,并确定与6至11岁儿童急性上呼吸道感染有关的微量元素。
■使用2016年至2020年在维尔纽斯11所小学的教室中收集的灰尘样品对气溶胶污染进行了微元素分析。场地包括散热器加热器后面和高橱柜表面的自然积累区域。重金属(Pb,W,Sb,Sn,Zr,Zn,Cu,Ni,Mn,Cr,V,和As)使用SPECTROXEPOS光谱仪分析灰尘样品。根据病历数据计算各校儿童呼吸系统疾病的年发病率。
■在年龄较小的学龄儿童中,经医生诊断的急性上呼吸道感染(根据ICD-10A,J00-J06)的年平均发病率为每所学校25.1%至71.3%。在2016年至2020年的每个研究年中,钒浓度与急性上呼吸道感染的发作次数之间存在显着相关性。最低的是r=0.67(p=0.024),最高为r=0.82(p=0.002)。粉尘聚集体样品中钒的浓度从12.7到52.1ppm不等。其他微量元素与上呼吸道感染的发生率之间没有发现显着相关性。这可能是由少量的研究学校和室内尘粒样品中发现的其他重金属浓度相对较低引起的。
■在小学收集的天然粉尘聚集体样品中的钒浓度与儿童急性上呼吸道感染的发生率之间发现了显着且可复制的相关性。监测室内环境中重金属的浓度可以成为预防和控制儿童呼吸道疾病的重要手段。
It has been reported that the disease-initiated and disease-mediated effects of aerosol pollutants can be related to concentration, site of deposition, duration of exposure, as well as the specific chemical composition of pollutants.
To investigate the microelemental composition of dust aggregates in primary schools of Vilnius and determine trace elements related to acute upper respiratory infections among 6-to 11-year-old children.
Microelemental analysis of aerosol pollution was performed using dust samples collected in the classrooms of 11 primary schools in Vilnius from 2016 to 2020. Sites included areas of its natural accumulation behind the radiator heaters and from the surface of high cupboards. The concentrations of heavy metals (Pb, W, Sb, Sn, Zr, Zn, Cu, Ni, Mn, Cr, V, and As) in dust samples were analyzed using a SPECTRO XEPOS spectrometer. The annual incidence rates of respiratory diseases in children of each school were calculated based on data from medical records.
The mean annual incidence of physician-diagnosed acute upper respiratory infections (J00-J06 according to ICD-10A) among younger school-age children was between 25.1 and 71.3% per school. A significant correlation was found between vanadium concentration and the number of episodes of acute upper respiratory infections during each study year from 2016 to 2020. The lowest was r = 0.67 (p = 0.024), and the highest was r = 0.82 (p = 0.002). The concentration of vanadium in the samples of dust aggregates varied from 12.7 to 52.1 parts per million (ppm). No significant correlations between the other trace elements and the incidence of upper respiratory infections were found, which could be caused by a small number of study schools and relatively low concentrations of other heavy metals found in the samples of indoor dust aggregates.
A significant and replicable correlation was found between the concentration of vanadium in the samples of natural dust aggregates collected in primary schools and the incidence of acute upper respiratory infections in children. Monitoring the concentration of heavy metals in the indoor environment can be an important instrument for the prevention and control of respiratory morbidity in children.