目的:尽管世界卫生组织建议在最初6个月进行纯母乳喂养,母乳喂养率在分娩后的前6周内下降.本研究旨在(1)调查产后6周的母乳喂养率;(2)探讨围产期因素对产后6周喂养方式的影响。
方法:2023年2月至8月,在南通市三家三级医院的门诊共纳入635名参与者。在妊娠晚期通过问卷调查收集变量,包括人口统计信息,怀孕压力,焦虑,抑郁症,睡眠,和韧性。产后6周,有关喂养模式的信息,分娩和产后情况,产后压力,焦虑,抑郁症,睡眠,韧性被聚集。初始单因素分析使用喂养模式作为因变量,选择具有显著性的变量作为自变量。然后使用逐步前向方法建立无序多分类逻辑回归模型。
结果:在前6周内,35.28%(224/635)的产后妇女完全母乳喂养婴儿。产后6周影响纯母乳喂养和配方喂养的因素包括乳房疼痛,睡眠质量,心理韧性,产后和妊娠晚期焦虑的区别,牛奶供应不足,母亲自己照顾婴儿(P<0.05)。从纯母乳喂养到部分母乳喂养的影响因素是牛奶供应不足和母亲自己照顾婴儿(P<0.05)。
结论:研究显示,中国产后前6周的纯母乳喂养率相对较低,以及影响三种不同喂养方式的围产期因素的比较。我们的发现可能为围产期因素与喂养方式之间的关联提供更多证据。这项研究指导医疗保健专业人员制定策略,以促进纯母乳喂养,并改善纯母乳喂养和心理健康的个性化咨询。
OBJECTIVE: Despite the World Health Organization\'s recommendation of exclusive breastfeeding for the initial 6 months, breastfeeding rates decline within the first 6 weeks after delivery. This study aimed to (1) investigate the breastfeeding rate at 6 weeks postpartum and (2) explore the influence of perinatal factors on feeding patterns at 6 weeks postpartum.
METHODS: A total of 635 participants were enrolled from February to August 2023 at outpatient clinics in three tertiary hospitals in Nantong City. Variables were collected through questionnaires during the third trimester of pregnancy, including demographic information, pregnancy stress, anxiety, depression, sleep, and resilience. At 6 weeks postpartum, information regarding feeding patterns, delivery and postpartum situations, postpartum stress, anxiety, depression, sleep, and resilience was gathered. Initial single-factor analyses were conducted using feeding pattern as the dependent variable, and variables with significance were chosen as independent variables. The disordered multi-classification logistic regression model was then established using the stepwise forward method.
RESULTS: Within the first 6 weeks, 35.28% (224/635) of postpartum women exclusively breastfed their infants. Factors influencing exclusive breastfeeding and formula feeding at 6 weeks postpartum included breast pain, sleep quality, mental resilience, difference between postpartum and late pregnancy anxiety, insufficient milk supply, and maternal herself caring for the infant (P < 0.05). Factors influencing the transition from exclusive to partial breastfeeding were insufficient milk supply and maternal herself caring for the infant (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: The study reveals a relative low rate of exclusive breastfeeding in China\'s first 6 weeks postpartum, along with a comparison of perinatal factors affecting three different feeding patterns. Our findings may contribute additional evidence to the association between perinatal factors and feeding patterns. This study guides healthcare professionals in developing strategies to promote exclusive breastfeeding and improve personalized counseling for exclusive breastfeeding and mental health.