■当代药物成瘾的学习理论归因于巴甫洛夫学习机制在发展中的关键作用,维护,和上瘾的复发。事实上,提示反应性研究已经证明了与酒精相关的提示激活大脑奖励系统的力量,这与渴望和随后的复发有关。然而,在酒精使用障碍(AUD)中,从头巴甫洛夫调节是否发生改变的研究很少.
■为了表征AUD中的从头巴甫洛夫条件,62名AUD解毒患者和63名匹配的健康对照参与者在功能性磁共振成像期间完成了巴甫洛夫式学习任务,这是巴甫洛夫式到器械转换范式的一部分。随访12个月,评估患者饮酒行为和复发情况。
■虽然患者和健康对照在明确获得条件刺激和无条件刺激之间的偶然性的能力上没有差异,AUD患者对巴甫洛夫线索表现出明显更强的杏仁核反应,与惩罚相比,在从奖励中学习过程中,主要由更强的血氧水平依赖性分化驱动。此外,患者与对照组相比,调节过程中杏仁核的差异反应与巴甫洛夫刺激影响随后的巴甫洛夫到仪器转移测试中测量的正在进行的仪器选择行为的能力呈正相关。最后,在12个月随访期内复发的患者在调理期间的杏仁核活性与复发潜伏期呈负相关.
■我们提供了AUD患者从头巴甫洛夫状态的神经相关性改变的证据,尤其是食欲刺激。因此,巴甫洛夫线索的强化处理可能构成酒精成瘾的行为相关机制。
UNASSIGNED: Contemporary learning theories of drug addiction ascribe a key role to Pavlovian learning mechanisms in the development, maintenance, and relapse of addiction. In fact, cue-reactivity research has demonstrated the power of alcohol-associated cues to activate the brain\'s reward system, which has been linked to craving and subsequent relapse. However, whether de novo Pavlovian conditioning is altered in alcohol use disorder (AUD) has rarely been investigated.
UNASSIGNED: To characterize de novo Pavlovian conditioning in AUD, 62 detoxified patients with AUD and 63 matched healthy control participants completed a Pavlovian learning task as part of a Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer paradigm during a functional magnetic resonance imaging session. Patients were followed up for 12 months to assess drinking behavior and relapse status.
UNASSIGNED: While patients and healthy controls did not differ in their ability to explicitly acquire the contingencies between conditioned and unconditioned stimuli, patients with AUD displayed significantly stronger amygdala responses toward Pavlovian cues, an effect primarily driven by stronger blood oxygen level-dependent differentiation during learning from reward compared with punishment. Moreover, in patients compared with controls, differential amygdala responses during conditioning were positively related to the ability of Pavlovian stimuli to influence ongoing instrumental choice behavior measured during a subsequent Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer test. Finally, patients who relapsed within the 12-month follow-up period showed an inverse association between amygdala activity during conditioning and relapse latency.
UNASSIGNED: We provide evidence of altered neural correlates of de novo Pavlovian conditioning in patients with AUD, especially for appetitive stimuli. Thus, heightened processing of Pavlovian cues might constitute a behaviorally relevant mechanism in alcohol addiction.