(1)背景:肠外营养(PN)对于无法接受口服或肠内喂养的患者是必不可少的。然而,PN解决方案的复杂性对稳定性和兼容性提出了挑战。可能发生沉淀反应。最常见的是磷酸钙(Ca-P)的形成。必须考虑影响这些反应的不同因素,以确保患者安全。(2)方法:制备8种儿科PN溶液,遵循标准协议。将样品在室温和冰箱中储存。电子显微镜,结合能量色散X射线光谱(EDS),被雇用。分析沉淀物的组成和形态。(3)结果:在所有样品中均观察到沉淀物,即使在第0天。晶体结构,主要由钙或镁组成,有时与氯或磷有关,被检测到。此外,无定形沉淀物,包含异质成分,包括意想不到的元素,已确定。(4)结论:各种沉淀物,主要是钙或镁基,可以形成PN解决方案,尽管并不期望它们能够在实际使用条件下形成。草酸钙沉淀已被表征,但是使用有机钙和磷酸盐似乎可以减轻磷酸钙沉淀。电子显微镜提供了有关NP沉淀的有趣结果,但样品制备可能存在影响结果解释的技术限制.
(1) Background: parenteral nutrition (PN) is indispensable for patients unable to receive oral or enteral feeding. However, the complexity of PN solutions presents challenges regarding stability and compatibility. Precipitation reactions may occur. The most frequent is the formation of calcium phosphate (Ca-P). The different factors influencing these reactions must be considered to ensure patient safety. (2) Methods: eight paediatric PN solutions were prepared, following standard protocols. Samples were stored at room temperature and in a refrigerator. Electron microscopy, coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), was employed. Precipitates were analysed for composition and morphology. (3) Results: precipitates were observed in all samples, even at day 0. Crystalline structures, predominantly composed of calcium or magnesium, sometimes associated with chlorine or phosphorus, were detected. Additionally, amorphous precipitates, contained heterogeneous compositions, including unexpected elements, were identified. (4) Conclusions: various precipitates, primarily calcium- or magnesium-based, can form in PN solutions, although it is not expected that they can form under the real conditions of use. Calcium oxalate precipitation has been characterised, but the use of organic calcium and phosphate salts appears to mitigate calcium phosphate precipitation. Electron microscopy provides interesting results on NP precipitation, but sample preparation may present technical limitations that affect the interpretation of the results.