引言子宫肉瘤是一组罕见的间充质肿瘤。它们起源于子宫平滑肌或子宫内膜基质。恶性子宫肉瘤转化的范围包括平滑肌肉瘤,低度子宫内膜间质肉瘤(LG-ESS),高级别子宫内膜间质肉瘤(HG-ESS),未分化子宫肉瘤,和癌肉瘤.这项研究的目的是确定恶性子宫肉瘤转化的分布,与病人的年龄有关,流行病学方面,和临床特征,并分析在我们机构诊断的子宫肉瘤的不同组织学类型,从而量化其频率并确定人群中最常见的组织病理学亚型。材料与方法这是21例恶性子宫肉瘤转化的回顾性描述性研究,在Saveetha医学院确诊,钦奈,2019年1月至2022年12月。数据是从病理科的档案和医院的病历部门收集的。分析了子宫肉瘤的频谱与患者年龄的关系,更年期状态,出现症状,术前诊断,活检和冰冻切片报告,和病理分期的组织病理学报告。结果诊断为子宫肉瘤的最常见年龄组为61-70岁。10例确诊为癌肉瘤的患者年龄均为60岁,所有7例诊断为低度子宫内膜间质肉瘤的患者年龄均小于50岁.大多数患者是绝经后的女性,除了一名绝经前的患者。最常见的组织学类型是癌肉瘤,恶性混合苗勒管肿瘤(47.6%),其次是LG-ESS(33.3%),平滑肌肉瘤(14.28%),和HG-ESS(4.7%)。结论子宫肉瘤是一类侵袭性肿瘤,预后极差。由于其稀有性和组织病理学的多样性,对风险因素缺乏共识。
Introduction Uterine sarcomas are a rare group of mesenchymal tumors. They originate either from the uterine smooth muscle or from the endometrial stroma. The spectrum of malignant uterine sarcomatous transformations includes
leiomyosarcoma, low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma (LG-ESS), high-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma (HG-ESS), undifferentiated uterine sarcoma, and carcinosarcoma. The purpose of this study is to determine the distribution of malignant uterine sarcomatous transformations, in relation to the patient\'s age, epidemiological aspects, and clinical features, and to analyze the different histological types of uterine sarcomas diagnosed at our institution and thereby to quantify their frequency and determine the most common histopathological subtype occurring in the population. Materials and methods This was a retrospective descriptive study of 21 cases of malignant uterine sarcomatous transformations, diagnosed in Saveetha Medical College, Chennai, between January 2019 and December 2022. Data was collected from the archives of the department of pathology and from the department of medical records in the hospital. The spectrum of uterine sarcomas was analyzed in relation to the patient\'s age, menopausal status, presenting symptoms, preoperative diagnosis, biopsy and frozen section reports wherever available, and histopathological reports with pathological staging. Results The most common age group in which uterine sarcoma was diagnosed was found to be 61-70 years. All 10 patients who were diagnosed with carcinosarcoma were aged 60 years, and all seven patients diagnosed with low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma were less than 50 years of age. Most of the patients were postmenopausal females, except for one patient who was premenopausal. The most common histological variety found was carcinosarcoma, malignant mixed mullerian tumor (47.6%), followed by LG-ESS (33.3%),
leiomyosarcoma (14.28%), and HG-ESS (4.7%). Conclusion Uterine sarcomas are an aggressive group of tumors having a very poor prognosis. Due to its rarity and histopathological diversity, there is a lack of consensus on the risk factors.