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Abstract：
Inflammatory leiomyosarcoma (ILMS) is a rare malignant soft tissue neoplasm with smooth muscle differentiation, prominent inflammatory infiltration, and near-haploidization. It is extremely rare in the head and neck region, and no intraoral cases have been reported. The lesion was initially diagnosed as a malignant spindle cell neoplasm at the referring laboratory. Microscopic examination of blocks of excised fragmented lesion revealed a cellular neoplasm composed of plump, spindle-shaped cells with blunt-ended and elongated nuclei and eosinophilic fibrillary cytoplasm arranged in a fascicular, herringbone to haphazard pattern. The tumor cells were interspersed with mixed inflammatory infiltration and were diffusely positive to desmin, SMA, H Caldesmon, and MYOD1. The diagnosis came as Inflammatory leiomyosarcoma. This case is the first reported case of ILMS involving the oral cavity. Even though this lesion is very rare, this neoplasm should be included in the differential diagnosis of a spindle cell lesion with marked lymphohistiocytic infiltration.
摘要：
炎性平滑肌肉瘤（ILMS）是一种罕见的恶性软组织肿瘤，具有平滑肌分化，突出的炎症浸润，和接近单倍化。它在头部和颈部区域极为罕见，没有口腔内病例报告。该病变最初在转诊实验室被诊断为恶性梭形细胞肿瘤。切除的碎片性病变块的显微镜检查显示细胞肿瘤由丰满组成，梭形细胞，具有钝端和细长的细胞核和嗜酸性原纤维质排列在束状，人字形到随意的图案。肿瘤细胞散布混合性炎症浸润，结蛋白弥漫性阳性，SMA,HCaldesmon,MYOD1诊断为炎性平滑肌肉瘤。该病例是第一个报告的涉及口腔的ILMS病例。尽管这种病变非常罕见，这种肿瘤应包括在具有明显淋巴组织细胞浸润的梭形细胞病变的鉴别诊断中。
