这项研究旨在阐明老年人质地改良饮食与食欲不振之间的关系。因为它还没有被完全理解。
横断面研究。
我们纳入了208名年龄≥65岁的住院患者(平均年龄78.9±7.6岁,57.7%的女性),并因中风而进入康复室,肌肉骨骼疾病,或日本保险制度涵盖的与医院相关的消毒,2019年1月至2020年1月。
参与者根据食物质地水平分为两组:质地改良饮食组的国际吞咽困难饮食标准化倡议(IDDSI)3至5级,正常饮食组的6和7级。使用日本老年人的简化营养食欲问卷评估食欲,评分≤14被定义为食欲不振。使用Cochrane-Armitage趋势检验分析IDDSI水平与食欲差之间的关系。采用Logistic回归分析探讨食用质构改良日粮与食欲不振的关系。统计学显著性设定为P<0.05。
根据IDDSI框架进行改良饮食的参与者人数如下:分别为3、4、5、6和7级的4、11、41、76和76。总的来说,将152和56例患者分为常规饮食组和质地改良饮食组,分别。食用质地改良的饮食观察到食欲不振的患病率明显更高(趋势P<.001)。Logistic回归分析显示,食欲不振与食用质地改良型饮食独立相关(比值比3.443,P=.011)。
这些发现表明,食用质地改良的饮食与食欲不振有关。需要进一步的研究来验证是否涉及外观改进的多模态方法,味道,风味,和营养的食物可以改善食欲不振。
This study aimed to clarify the association between texture-modified diets and poor appetite in older adults, as it is not fully understood.
Cross-sectional study.
We included 208 inpatients who were aged ≥65 years (mean age 78.9 ± 7.6 years, 57.7% female) and admitted to a rehabilitation unit with stroke, musculoskeletal disease, or hospital-associated deconditioning covered by the Japanese insurance system, between January 2019 and January 2020.
Participants were divided into 2 groups according to their food texture level: International Dysphagia Diet Standardization Initiative (
IDDSI) levels 3 to 5 for the texture-modified diet group and levels 6 and 7 for the normal diet group. Appetite was assessed using the Simplified Nutritional Appetite Questionnaire for the Japanese elderly, and a score ≤14 was defined as poor appetite. The relationship between
IDDSI levels and poor appetite was analyzed using the Cochrane-Armitage trend test. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the relationship between the consumption of texture-modified diets and poor appetite. Statistical significance was set at P < .05.
The numbers of participants on modified diets according to the
IDDSI framework were as follows: 4, 11, 41, 76, and 76 in levels 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7, respectively. In total, 152 and 56 patients were classified into the regular diet group and texture-modified diet group, respectively. A significantly higher prevalence of poor appetite was observed with the consumption of texture-modified diets (P < .001 for trend). Logistic regression analysis showed that poor appetite was independently associated with the consumption of texture-modified diets (odds ratio 3.443, P = .011).
These findings indicate that the consumption of texture-modified diets is associated with poor appetite. Further studies are required to verify whether a multimodal approach involving improvement in the appearance, taste, flavor, and nutrients of the food can improve poor appetite.