Abstract：
This study aimed to evaluate an existing liquid-thickening guideline provided by a major manufacturer of thickener in Hong Kong and to provide directions for the implementation of the IDDSI framework. Fifteen participants who are naïve to liquid thickening were required to prepare thickened liquids samples from three drink bases (i.e., Milk-tea, Chinese tea, and Herbal tea) at two target consistency levels (i.e., mildly and medium/moderately thick) based on two guidelines (i.e., the manufacturer\'s guideline and an IDDSI-driven guideline). Viscosities of the samples were measured rheologically to reflect liquid consistency. The manufacturer\'s guideline resulted in distinguishable viscosities at the two consistency levels (F(1, 35.464) = 113.764, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.802), as well as different viscosities in different drink bases (F(1.267, 35.464 = 92.951, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.769). Comparison between the manufacturer\'s and the IDDSI-driven guideline showed that the later resulted in more viscous liquid samples in all drink bases and at both consistency levels. The difference between the two guidelines was statistically significant (F(1,28) = 35.137, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.557). Following only the manufacturer\'s guideline when thickening non-water beverages may lead to discrepancy between the resultant and prescribed consistencies. Thus, it should be considered inadequate to ensure swallowing safety. The effect of drink base should be emphasized to patients and caregivers, and pre-serving tests should be introduced. Despite similar classifications and terminologies used between the current local framework and the IDDSI framework, measures should be taken to avoid potential confusions and associated threats to swallowing safety.
摘要：
这项研究旨在评估香港一家主要增稠剂制造商提供的现有液体增稠指南，并为实施IDDSI框架提供指导。15名对液体增稠幼稚的参与者被要求从三种饮料基料中制备增稠的液体样品(即，奶茶,中国茶,和凉茶)在两个目标稠度水平(即，轻度和中等/中等厚度)基于两个准则(即，制造商指南和IDDSI驱动指南)。用流变学方法测量样品的粘度以反映液体稠度。制造商指南在两种稠度水平下产生了可区分的粘度(F(1,35.464)=113.764,p<0.001,ηp2=0.802),以及不同饮料基料的不同粘度（F（1.267，35.464=92.951，p<0.001，ηp2=0.769）。制造商和IDDSI驱动的指南之间的比较表明，后者导致所有饮料基料和两种稠度水平的液体样品更粘稠。两种指南之间的差异具有统计学意义（F（1,28）=35.137，p<0.001，ηp2=0.557）。当浓缩非水饮料时，仅遵循制造商的指南可能会导致所得稠度与规定稠度之间的差异。因此，它应该被认为不足以确保吞咽安全。应向患者和护理人员强调饮料基质的作用，并且应该引入服务前测试。尽管在当前的本地框架和IDDSI框架之间使用了类似的分类和术语，应采取措施避免潜在的混淆和吞咽安全的相关威胁。
