■戊型肝炎(HE),由戊型肝炎病毒(HEV)引起,是全球急性病毒性肝炎的重要原因,也是主要的公共卫生问题,特别是在中国特定的高流行地区,具有不同的传播途径和区域差异。确定HE传播的主要危险因素对于针对弱势群体制定有针对性的干预措施至关重要。
■这项研究采用了1:1匹配的病例对照方法,使用由医疗记录补充的标准化问卷进行数据验证。
■在442例HE病例和428例健康对照中,与对照组相比,病例组的疲劳(46.21%)和食欲不振(43.84%)的患病率更高。此外,肝功能指标明显高于病例组,平均丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)水平为621.94U/L,天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)水平为411.53U/L。重度HE患者以男性为主,ALT和AST水平显著升高,分别达到1443.81U/L和862.31U/L,伴随着更高的发生率疲劳(90%)和食欲不振(75%)。多因素分析表明,经常外出就餐(OR=2.553,95CI:1.686-3.868),卫生条件差(OR=3.889,95CI:1.399-10.807),合并慢性病(OR=2.275,95CI:1.616-3.202)是HE感染的危险因素;相反,良好的卫生习惯是HE感染的保护因素(OR=0.698,95CI:0.521~0.934)。
■总而言之,浙江省HE感染与饮食习惯和环境卫生密切相关,患有慢性疾病或合并感染的个体面临更高的风险。这凸显了有针对性的健康教育以减少这些人群中HE的发病率的必要性。
UNASSIGNED: Hepatitis E (HE), caused by the Hepatitis E virus (HEV), is a significant cause of acute viral hepatitis globally and a major public health concern, particularly in specific high-prevalence areas in China, which have diverse transmission routes and regional differences. Identifying the primary risk factors for HE transmission is essential to develop targeted interventions for vulnerable populations.
UNASSIGNED: This study employed a 1:1 matched case-control methodology, using a standardized questionnaire complemented by medical records for data validation.
UNASSIGNED: Among the 442 HE cases and 428 healthy controls, the case group had a higher prevalence of fatigue (46.21%) and loss of appetite (43.84%) compared to the control group. Furthermore, liver function indicators were significantly higher in the case group, with an average alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level of 621.94 U/L and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level of 411.53 U/L. Severe HE patients were predominantly male, with significantly increased ALT and AST levels reaching 1443.81 U/L and 862.31 U/L respectively, along with a higher incidence of fatigue (90%) and loss of appetite (75%). Multifactorial analysis indicated that frequent dining out (OR = 2.553, 95%CI:1.686-3.868), poor hygiene conditions (OR = 3.889, 95%CI:1.399-10.807), and comorbid chronic illnesses (OR = 2.275, 95%CI:1.616-3.202) were risk factors for HE infection; conversely, good hygiene practices were protective factors against HE infection (OR = 0.698, 95%CI:0.521-0.934).
UNASSIGNED: In conclusion, HE infection in Zhejiang Province is closely associated with dietary habits and environmental hygiene, and individuals with chronic diseases or co-infections are at increased risk. This highlights the need for targeted health education to reduce the incidence of HE among these populations.