背景:功能性胃肠病(FGID)在患有神经发育障碍(NDD)的个体中患病率较高。压力系统和肠-脑轴(GBA)可以介导这些关系。我们旨在评估自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)和注意力缺陷/多动障碍(ADHD)儿童与典型发育儿童(TD)的临床样本中FGID的患病率和概况,并研究压力之间的可能关系。与NDDS儿童相关的生物标志物和内化/外化问题。
方法:总共,120名儿童,年龄在4至12岁之间,形成三组(每组N=40):多动症,ASD和TD。唾液皮质醇,测量头发皮质醇和血清瘦素。
结果:ASD组比TD组有更多的FGID问题(p=0.001)。ADHD和ASD组比TD组具有更高的总内化/外化问题(分别为p<0.0001,p<0.0001,p=0.005)。患有FGID的儿童表现得更多,与没有FGID的儿童相比,内化和外化问题(分别为p<0.0001,p<0.0001,p=0.041)。ADHD组显示更低的AUCg值(p<0.0001),而TD组的毛发皮质醇较高(p<0.0001)。
结论:结论:NDDs患儿的FGID症状较多,内在化和外在化问题较多.与没有FGID的儿童相比,患有ADHD和FGID的儿童有更多的内在化问题。在压力相关的生物标志物中没有显示出区分有和没有FGID的NDD儿童的差异。包括更多儿童在内的未来前瞻性研究可能会阐明与这些合并症相关的生物学途径。
BACKGROUND: Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders (FGIDs) present a higher prevalence in individuals with Neurodevelopmental Disorders (NDDs). The Stress System and the Gut-Brain axis (GBA) may mediate these relations. We aimed to assess the prevalence and profile of FGIDs in a clinical sample of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) compared to typically developing children (TD) as well as to investigate possible relations between stress-related biomarkers and internalizing/externalizing problems in children with NDDS.
METHODS: In total, 120 children, aged between 4 and 12 years old, formed three groups (N = 40, each): ADHD, ASD and TD. Salivary cortisol, hair cortisol and serum leptin were measured.
RESULTS: The ASD group had more FGID problems than the TD group (p = 0.001). The ADHD and ASD groups had higher total internalizing/externalizing problems than the TD group (p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001, p = 0.005, respectively). Children with FGIDs showed more total, internalizing and externalizing problems compared to children without FGIDs (p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001, p = 0.041, respectively). The ADHD group showed lower AUCg values (p < 0.0001), while the hair cortisol was higher for the TD group (p < 0.0001).
CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, children with NDDs had more FGID symptoms and present higher internalizing and externalizing problems. Children with ADHD and FGIDs had more internalizing problems compared to those without FGIDs. No differences in stress-related biomarkers were shown to differentiate children with NDDs with and without FGIDs. Future prospective studies including a greater number of children may elucidate the biological pathways linking these comorbidities.