组蛋白赖氨酸残基的乙酰化调节多个生命过程,包括增长,分生孢子,丝状病原真菌的致病性。然而,组蛋白H3N末端各赖氨酸残基在植物病原真菌中的具体功能尚不清楚。在这项研究中,我们突变了假镰刀菌组蛋白H3的N端赖氨酸残基,中国小麦镰刀菌冠腐病的主要致病因子,它还会产生对人类和动物有害的脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON)毒素。我们的研究结果表明,所有的FpH3K9R,FpH3K14R,FpH3K18R,和FpH3K23R突变体对于营养生长和分生孢子至关重要。此外,FpH3K14调节病原体对各种胁迫和杀菌剂的敏感性。尽管FpH3K9R和FpH3K23R突变体的生长放缓,它们对小麦茎和头的致病性保持不变。然而,FpH3K9R突变体产生更多的DON。此外,FpH3K14R和FpH3K18R突变体的毒力显著降低,与FpH3K18R突变体产生最小的DON。在FpH3K9R中,FpH3K14R,FpH3K18R,和FpH3K23R突变体,有1863、1400、1688和1806个下调基因,分别,与野生型相比。这些下调的基因包括许多对生长至关重要的基因,分生孢子,致病性,和DON生产,以及一些重要的基因。基因本体论(GO)富集分析表明,FpH3K14R和FpH3K18R突变体中下调的基因富集了核糖体生物发生,rRNA加工,和rRNA代谢过程。这表明翻译机制在FpH3K14R和FpH3K18R突变体中是异常的。总的来说,我们的研究结果表明,H3N端赖氨酸残基参与调节具有重要功能的基因的表达,对真菌的发育和致病性至关重要。
The acetylation of histone lysine residues regulates multiple life processes, including growth, conidiation, and pathogenicity in filamentous pathogenic fungi. However, the specific function of each lysine residue at the N-terminus of histone H3 in phytopathogenic fungi remains unclear. In this study, we mutated the N-terminal lysine residues of histone H3 in Fusarium pseudograminearum, the main causal agent of Fusarium crown rot of wheat in China, which also produces deoxynivalenol (DON) toxins harmful to humans and animals. Our findings reveal that all the FpH3K9R, FpH3K14R, FpH3K18R, and FpH3K23R mutants are vital for vegetative growth and conidiation. Additionally, FpH3K14 regulates the pathogen\'s sensitivity to various stresses and fungicides. Despite the slowed growth of the FpH3K9R and FpH3K23R mutants, their pathogenicity towards wheat stems and heads remains unchanged. However, the FpH3K9R mutant produces more DON. Furthermore, the FpH3K14R and FpH3K18R mutants exhibit significantly reduced virulence, with the FpH3K18R mutant producing minimal DON. In the FpH3K9R, FpH3K14R, FpH3K18R, and FpH3K23R mutants, there are 1863, 1400, 1688, and 1806 downregulated genes, respectively, compared to the wild type. These downregulated genes include many that are crucial for growth, conidiation, pathogenicity, and DON production, as well as some essential genes. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis indicates that genes downregulated in the FpH3K14R and FpH3K18R mutants are enriched for ribosome biogenesis, rRNA processing, and rRNA metabolic process. This suggests that the translation machinery is abnormal in the FpH3K14R and FpH3K18R mutants. Overall, our findings suggest that H3 N-terminal lysine residues are involved in regulating the expression of genes with important functions and are critical for fungal development and pathogenicity.