在过去的二十年中,全球北方的反堕胎主义者一直在积极地利用残疾来破坏妇女的社会自主权,断言,虚假地,残疾权利和生殖权利之间存在着不可逾越的冲突。在争取堕胎的斗争中利用残疾并不新鲜,它的历史可以追溯到两次世界大战之间的时代。的确,在反堕胎主义者运动前几十年,女权主义者援引残疾来扩大安全堕胎的机会。本文研究了第一个致力于放宽限制性堕胎法的组织中的女权主义优生学,堕胎法改革协会(ALRA)1936年在英国成立。ALRA在1967年《堕胎法》(或该法案)的通过中发挥了至关重要的作用,该法案大大扩展了合法堕胎的理由,对于英国及其他寻求法律的女性来说,这是一个非常重要的收获,安全堕胎此外,该法案允许优生堕胎,这也产生了跨国影响:在十年内,许多英联邦国家的司法管辖区通过了堕胎法,其中纳入了该法的优生学条款,有时是逐字记录。本文分析了ALRA在1967年堕胎法案中编纂优生学的作用,并认为从一开始,ALRA同时是女权主义者和优生主义者协会。最初,ALRA在他们的竞选活动中优先考虑了他们对“自愿母亲”的女权主义承诺,而从1940年代开始,他们把女权主义从属于消极的优生学,这一转变既是战略性的,也反映了对防止残疾儿童出生的真正关注。
For the past two decades anti-abortionists in the Global North have been aggressively instrumentalising disability in order to undermine women\'s social autonomy, asserting, falsely, there is an insuperable conflict between disability rights and reproductive rights. The utilisation of disability in struggles over abortion access is not new, it has a history dating back to the interwar era. Indeed, decades before anti-abortionists\' campaign, feminists invoked disability to expand access to safe abortion. This paper examines the feminist
eugenics in the first organisation dedicated to liberalising restrictive abortion laws, the Abortion Law Reform Association (ALRA), established in England in 1936. ALRA played a vital role in the passage of the Abortion Act 1967 (or the Act) that greatly expanded the grounds for legal abortion, a hugely important gain for women in Britain and beyond seeking legal, safe abortions. In addition, the Act permitted eugenic abortion, which also had transnational effects: within a decade, jurisdictions in numerous Commonwealth countries passed abortion laws that incorporated the Act\'s
eugenics clause, sometimes verbatim. This essay analyses ALRA\'s role in codifying
eugenics in the Abortion Act 1967 and argues that from the outset, ALRA was simultaneously a feminist and eugenist association. Initially, ALRA prioritized their feminist commitment to \'voluntary motherhood\' in their campaign whereas starting in the 1940s, they subordinated feminism to negative
eugenics, a shift that was simultaneously strategic and a reflection of genuine concern to prevent the birth of children with disabilities.