背景:舌蝇(Glossinaspp。)是人类和动物中非洲锥虫的确定生物载体。控制该载体是防止锥虫传播的最有希望的方法。这需要全面了解舌蝇生物学和宿主偏好,以告知有针对性的设计和管理策略,例如在采采蝇陷阱中使用嗅觉和视觉提示。目前尚无关于采采蝇的宿主偏好和血粉分析的评论。
方法:这篇综述对1956年至2022年8月的采采蝇血粉来源和用于鉴定动物宿主的方法进行了荟萃分析。应用了系统审查的首选报告项目和范围审查的荟萃分析扩展(PRIMA-ScR)。这集中在采采蝇流行国家,血粉分析方法和确定的血粉宿主。使用预定的资格标准从数据库中检索和筛选文章。
结果:只有49/393的文章符合纳入标准。格洛西纳在野外的主要寄主包括灌木丛,水牛,大象,疣猪,丛林猪和河马.猪,牲畜和人类是家庭界面的关键宿主。研究最少的物种包括镰刀蛇,G.Fusca,G.medicorum,G.烟草和G.奥氏体。在没有首选宿主的情况下,Glossina在各种宿主上机会主义地喂养。Precipitin,血凝,圆盘扩散,补体固定,使用基于ELISA和PCR的测定来评估血餐。细胞色素b(Cytb)是PCR鉴定脊椎动物宿主的主要靶基因。
结论:采采血血粉来源可能由于生态变化而扩大,这可能导致首选宿主不可用。分析采采蝇血粉的主要方法是针对Cytb基因的宿主,以通过Sanger测序进行物种鉴定。然而,小片段DNA,如哺乳动物12S和16SrRNA基因,连同第二代和第三代测序技术,可能会增加Sanger测序可能误认为是“噪声”的多个宿主饲养者中宿主识别的灵敏度。这篇关于采采蝇血粉来源和宿主鉴定方法的综述可以为采采蝇控制提供参考。
BACKGROUND: Tsetse flies (Glossina spp.) are the definitive biological vectors of African trypanosomes in humans and animals. Controlling this vector is the most promising method of preventing trypanosome transmission. This requires a comprehensive understanding of tsetse biology and host preference to inform targeted design and management strategies, such as the use of olfaction and visual cues in tsetse traps. No current review exists on host preference and blood meal analyses of tsetse flies.
METHODS: This review presents a meta-analysis of tsetse fly blood meal sources and the methodologies used to identify animal hosts from 1956 to August 2022. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRIMA-ScR) was applied. This focused on tsetse-endemic countries, blood meal analysis methodologies and the blood meal hosts identified. The articles were retrieved and screened from databases using predetermined eligibility criteria.
RESULTS: Only 49/393 of the articles retrieved matched the inclusion criteria. Glossina\'s main hosts in the wild included the bushbuck, buffalo, elephant, warthog, bushpig and hippopotamus. Pigs, livestock and humans were key hosts at the domestic interface. The least studied species included Glossina fuscipleuris, G. fusca, G. medicorum, G. tabaniformis and G. austeni. In the absence of preferred hosts, Glossina fed opportunistically on a variety of hosts. Precipitin, haemagglutination, disc diffusion, complement fixation, ELISA and PCR-based assays were used to evaluate blood meals. Cytochrome b (Cyt b) was the main target gene in PCR to identify the vertebrate hosts.
CONCLUSIONS: Tsetse blood meal sources have likely expanded because of ecological changes that could have rendered preferred hosts unavailable. The major approaches for analysing tsetse fly blood meal hosts targeted Cyt b gene for species identification by Sanger sequencing. However, small-fragment DNAs, such as the mammalian 12S and 16S rRNA genes, along with second- and third-generation sequencing techniques, could increase sensitivity for host identification in multiple host feeders that Sanger sequencing may misidentify as \"noise\". This review of tsetse fly blood meal sources and approaches to host identification could inform strategies for tsetse control.