目的:了解农村卫生基层地区糖尿病视网膜病变的患病率,并建立类型,严重程度及其与性别和其他心血管危险因素的关系。
方法:横断面或患病率描述性研究。
方法:西班牙农村卫生基本地区。初级卫生保健水平。
方法:500名18岁以上的糖尿病患者。
方法:在散瞳下通过视网膜造影研究视网膜,根据乔斯林视觉网络协议,合并了诊断阅读中心。视网膜病变的存在和严重程度与心血管危险因素——吸烟,高血压和高脂血症-以及糖尿病类型的特征,进化时间,治疗,代谢控制和肾功能。
结果:结果显示患病率为16.4%,男女之间没有显着差异。变量吸烟和高血压与视网膜病变的存在有关,并且糖尿病演变的不同年份与视网膜病变的存在和严重程度相关。在研究中,9.6%的受影响人群因视力威胁的视网膜病变而优先转诊给眼科医生,6.8%的研究人员因其他眼科病理而转诊。
结论:有可能在初级卫生保健中对82%的糖尿病患者进行眼科随访,涉及其专业人员和团队与眼科医生合作。在糖尿病患者的全球背景下考虑糖尿病视网膜病变是至关重要的,糖尿病视网膜病变与其他微血管并发症和心血管疾病有关。
To investigate the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in a rural health basic area, and to establish the type, the severity degree and the relationship with sex and with another cardiovascular risk factors.
Cross-sectional or prevalence descriptive study.
Rural health basic area in Spain. Primary health care level.
500 patients over 18 years old with diabetes.
Study of the retina through retinography under mydriasis, according to the Joslin Vision Network protocol, with the incorporation of a diagnostic reading center. Correlation of the existence and severity of the retinopathy with the cardiovascular risk factors -smoking, hypertension and hyperlipidemia- and the characteristics of the diabetes -type, evolution time, treatment, metabolic control and renal function-.
The findings showed a 16.4% prevalence, with no significant differences between both sexes. The variables smoking and high blood pressure were related to the existence of retinopathy, and the variable years of diabetes evolution was correlated to both the existence and the severity of the retinopathy. In the study, 9.6% of the affected people were preferentially referred to the ophthalmologists because of sight-threatening retinopathy, and 6.8% of the people studied were referred due to other ophthalmological pathologies.
It is possible to do the ophthalmological follow-up of 82% of the population with diabetes in primary health care, involving its professionals and team-working with the ophthalmologists. It is paramount to consider diabetic retinopathy within the global context of the person with diabetes, relating diabetic retinopathy with the other microvascular complications and cardiovascular diseases.