During last decades, a departure from health-related lifestyles has been observed among adolescents. Evidence reports that healthy lifestyles could be predictors of better mental health status. The aims of the SESSAMO Project are: 1) to assess the association between lifestyles and physical and mental health; 2) to assess how self-concept and stressful life events can modulate these associations; and 3) to establish the role of social determinants in the lifestyle and in adolescents\' health. The SESSAMO Project is a prospective cohort carried out in Spain. Students aged 14-16 years (2nd-4th ESO) and their parents are invited to participate. Baseline data are collected through on-line, validated, self-administered questionnaires through a digital platform. Information on lifestyles, stressful life events and self-concept are collected. Screening of depression, anxiety, eating disorders, suicide risk, psychotic experiences and COVID impact is assessed. Every three years, up to age of 25, participants will be contacted again to update relevant information.

To evaluate the effectiveness of vagino-rectal swab autotomy for prenatal screening for GBS infection and to identify the barriers and facilitators encountered by the pregnant woman for this intervention.
Cross-sectional study of diagnostic tests.
A total of 213 pregnant women who attended the primary care midwife\'s office in 6 health centers of the Basque Health Service/Osakidetza in Bizkaia, who met the inclusion criteria and agreed to participate in the study, participated in the study.
The result of the vagino-rectal culture obtained by the pregnant woman was compared with the result of the vagino-rectal culture taken by the midwife in consultation on the same day, and the barriers and facilitators encountered by the women in the self-test were collected.
Self-testing as a test for GBS was found to have a sensitivity of 93.3% (95% CI 78.7-98.2), a specificity of 99.4% (95% CI 96.5-99.9), a positive predictive value of 96% (95% CI 82.8-99.4) and a negative predictive value of 98.8% (95% CI 95.6-99.7). 27.3% of respondents encountered some difficulty in the collection, only 4.8% did not feel qualified, 84.2% felt comfortable, 99.5% considered the information provided to be adequate and complete, 94.7% did not find the steps to follow complicated, and 96% were satisfied with the study.
Self-collection of vagino-rectal exudate for GBS detection has proved to be valid and reliable, which would make it possible to offer this option to pregnant women in the systematic screening for GBS infection.

OBJECTIVE: The prevalence of mixed dementia (MixD), defined as the coexistence of Alzheimer\'s disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD), is likely to increase as the population ages. The five-word test (5WT) is a neuropsychological test that differentiates between major and mild neurocognitive disorder (NCD). The objective of the study is to validate 5WT for the detection of MixD.
METHODS: 230 participants were evaluated: cognitively healthy (CH) (n=70), mild NCD (n=70), and major NCD (n=90): AD (n=30), VaD (n=30), and MixD (n=30). The Spearman\'s coefficient, d Sommer and ROC curves were used to determine the construct validity of the 5WT. The linear regression model was performed to determine the association between age and education with 5WT performance.
RESULTS: The mean age was 79 ±7.7 years (P≤.001), 58% were female (P=.252), and the mean education was 9 ±5.3 years (P≤.001). Construct validity when comparing 5WT and MMSE was: Spearman\'s correlation ρ=.830 (P<.001) and d Sommer=.41 (P<.001). The area under the curve in the total weighted score (TWS) for MixD was .985, with 98% sensitivity (95%CI, 0.96-1.00) and 99% specificity (95%CI, 0.94-1.00), PPV of 88% (95%CI, 0.82-0.89), NPV of 100% (95%CI, 0.96-1.00), and cut-off point ≤16/20 (P<.001).
CONCLUSIONS: 5WT is a rapid test with neuropsychological validation for the exploration of cognitive characteristics in major NCD type MixD, regardless of age and education.

The objective of the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC) is to assess whether prostate cancer (PCa) screening leads to an improvement of cancer-specific survival. This multicenter study (eight European countries) has recruited more than 180,000 asymptomatic men. After a follow-up period of 16 years, it has been shown that PSA screening reduces PCa mortality by 20%, and that it does not affect all-cause mortality. This article provides updated the results of the Spanish arm of the ERSPC after 21 years of follow-up.
The study invited 18,612 men (aged 45 - 70) of the Spanish section (Getafe and Parla, Madrid) to participate. They were randomly assigned to the intervention arm (serum PSA-based screening) and to the control arm (follow-up without intervention). The diagnoses of PCa were recorded, as well as the PCa-specific and all-cause mortality rates. A comparison between the survival curves of both arms of the study and detailed analysis of the causes of death were performed.
The study finally included 4,276 men (2,415 intervention arm, 1,861 control arm). The median age, serum PSA and follow-up time were 57 years, 0.9 ng/ml and 21.1 years, respectively. There were 285 cases with PCa diagnosis, 188 (7.8%) from the intervention arm and 97 (5.2%) from the control arm (p<,001). A total of 216 (75.8%) presented organ-confined disease. There were 994 deaths were recorded; 544 (22.5%) in the intervention arm and 450 (24.2%) in the control arm. No significant differences were detected between the arms of the study in terms of cancer-specific (p=.768) or all-cause (p=.192) mortality rates. The main cause of death was malignant tumors (492 patients, 49.5% of overall mortality), and the most frequent sites were lung and bronchus (29.5%), colon and rectum (14.8%), and hematologic (9.8%). Only 20 patients (0.4% of the patients recruited) died from PCa, with no significant difference between study arms.
In this update of the results of the Spanish section of the ERSPC study after 21 years of follow-up, we have not detected a benefit of PCa screening in terms of overall and cancer-specific survival.

The Spanish Association for the Study of the Liver (AEEH) is convinced that the elimination of hepatitisC virus (HCV) in Spain is possible as long as we are able to use the resources and tools necessary for it. This document reflects the position of the AEEH regarding the elimination of HCV, establishing a wide range of recommendations that can be grouped into five categories: 1)Screening of HCV according to age, of the existence of classic acquisition risk factors of infection, active search of previously diagnosed patients and development of micro-elimination strategies in vulnerable populations; 2)Simplification of HCV diagnosis (one-step diagnosis and diagnosis at the point of patient care); 3)Simplification of patient treatment and improvement of care circuits; 4)Health policy measures, and, finally, 5)Establishment of HCV elimination indicators.

The aim of this study is to estimate risky-drug use patterns of consumption of primary care patients.
Multicentric descriptive cross-sectional study.
five primary health care centers of the South of Madrid.
all patients between 16-100 year-old consulting with their family physician.
Spanish-validated World Health Organization ASSIST test was use to screen risky drug use in primary care. Total points scored at the test were obtained.
A sum of 441 screening test were collected. Mean age was 51,3 years and 51.6% of patients presented a moderate-severe risky drug use out of the nine drugs tested. The more frequent drug use screened were tobacco (41.7%) followed by alcohol (15.4%), hypnotics (13.7%) and cannabis (5.7%). Differences were found between genders in the patterns: men had higher risky drug uses compared to women regarding alcohol and cannabis. Women had higher sedatives/hypnotics consumption prevalence. A 16% of patients presented with polyconsumption drug use patterns.
There is risk derived from drug misuse in primary care for tobacco, alcohol, hypnotics and cannabis as detected by the ASSIST test. There is a higher rate of hypnotics than expected.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the capacity shown by 3 self-assessment questionnaires validated in Spanish (B-SAQ, OAB-V8 and OAB-V3) for the screening of patients with overactive bladder (OAB) in clinical practice.
METHODS: A noninterventional observational study was conducted of men and women older than 30 years evaluated in primary care consultations. The clinical diagnosis of OAB was conducted through a case history review, physical examination, urine analysis, ultrasonography and voiding diary. The presence of coping strategies and discomfort was investigated. The differential diagnosis was established in patients with symptoms not due to OAB. We assessed the correlation between the clinical tests and diagnosis (kappa <.4 poor; .4-.6 moderate; >.6 good; >.8 excellent) and ROC curves to define the capacity to screen the assessed questionnaires.
RESULTS: A total of 411 patients were investigated. OAB was detected in 207 (50.4%) patients, other causes for the lower urinary tract symptoms were detected in 63 (15.3%), and 141 (34.3%) patients had no diagnosis. The voiding diary suggested OAB in 197 (47.9%) patients. The correlation between the clinical diagnosis and the diagnosis based on the voiding diary was .702. The correlation between the clinical diagnosis and B-SAQ, OAB-V8 and OAB-V3 was .59, .673 and .732, respectively. The area under the curve (AUC) was .799 for B-SAQ; .837 for OAB-V8 and .867 for OAB-V3 (OAB-V3 vs. OAB-V8, P=.02; OAB-V3 vs. B-SAQ, P<.0001). The AUC for the voiding diary was .852 (OAB-V3 vs. diary, P=.47).
CONCLUSIONS: OAB-V3 is a simple questionnaire with excellent performance for screening OAB in a specific population and that is superior to the OAB-V8 and B-SAQ. The accuracy of the voiding diary for the same indication is equivalent to that of the OAB-V3 in our setting.

BACKGROUND: The clinical inertia in the screening and treatment of patients at high or very high cardiovascular risk leads to the failure to achieve LDLc targets in this population. The aim of the DIANA study was to determine the opinion of doctors about the screening for dyslipidaemia, the usual practice, and the differences between Primary Care physicians and other specialties.
METHODS: A questionnaire, using the modified Delphi method, included four blocks on dyslipidemic patients with impaired glucose metabolism.
RESULTS: Of the 497 participating experts, 58% were Primary Care physicians. There was agreement on the need for dyslipidemia screening in patients with diabetes, ischaemic heart disease or hypertension, although to a lesser extent among Primary Care physicians. Greater significant differences were found in situations such as pre-diabetes or family history of premature cardiovascular disease (86.2% and 88.6% in Primary Care physicians versus 96.1% and 97.6% in other specialties, respectively). There was no agreement on the need for screening in the presence of xanthomas, xanthelasmas or corneal arcus in people under the age of 45 years, with statistically significant differences in the latter.
CONCLUSIONS: Dyslipidaemia screening is mainly performed on patients with cardiovascular disease or any major cardiovascular risk factor, and cutaneous lesions of familial hypercholesterolaemia are underestimated. The need for accurate screening and treatment of dyslipidemia in subjects at high cardiovascular risk must be stressed.

BACKGROUND: The main aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of sarcopenia, according to the criteria of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People, in men and women living in Spanish nursing homes.
METHODS: Multi-centre study was conducted on ambulatory persons over 69 years old living in nursing homes. Body composition was assessed using bioimpedance analysis, grip strength with a Jamar dynamometer, and gait speed using the 4 metre walk test. Sarcopenia was assessed using the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People criteria (gait speed<0.8m/s; grip strength<30kg in men or 20kg in women, and muscle mass index <8.31kg/m(2) in men or<6.68kg/m(2) in women).
RESULTS: The study included 276 subjects with a median age 87.2 years, and with 69% women. Sarcopenia was demonstrated in 37% (15% men, 46% women), 37% had low muscle mass, 86% low gait speed, and 95% low grip strength. Prevalence of sarcopenia increased with advancing age. Both weakness and low gait speed was observed in 90% of individuals with sarcopenia, with 39% of the total having low gait speed, and 38% with weakness.
CONCLUSIONS: Sarcopenia is a frequent condition in older persons living in nursing homes, especially among women. Most of the cases are severe, with both low muscle strength and physical performance. Although muscle function is altered in 9 out 10 participants, most of them have preserved muscle mass.

OBJECTIVE: Recently, the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer achieved a reduction in prostate cancer mortality by measuring serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels. These results were not reproduced in the Spanish arm of European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer. PSA contamination (opportunistic measurements outside the study) could decrease the study\'s contrasting power if performed in the control arm. We have calculated the long-term rate of PSA contamination and its effect on performing prostate biopsy and detecting cancer.
METHODS: A total of 4,276 men were randomised (2,415 to the screening arm, 1,861 to the control arm) in the Spanish section of the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer. PSA measurements were not scheduled in the control arm. Sextant prostate biopsy was indicated if PSA levels were ≥3 ng/mL. All PSA readings performed outside the study were labelled as \"PSA contamination\". We calculated the rates of PSA contamination, biopsy implementation and cancer detection.
RESULTS: The median age and follow-up time were 57 and 15.1 years, respectively. A total of 2,511 men underwent at least one PSA reading outside the study. PSA contamination at 5, 10 and 15 years was 22.0%, 47.1% and 66.3% in the screening arm, respectively, and 20.8%, 43.2% and 58.6% in the control arm, respectively (P<.0001). The biopsy rate at 5, 10 and 15 years was 19.3%, 22.6% and 24.1% (screening), respectively, and 1.0%, 3.6% and 7.1% (control), respectively (P<.0001). The PC detection rate was 6.7% (screening) and 4.3% (control; P=.0006).
CONCLUSIONS: Although the cumulative PSA contamination was pronounced in the 2 study arms, the rate of prostate biopsies was low in the control arm. We therefore believe that the effect of PSA contamination on the study\'s statistical power should be limited.