背景:定量,可测量的饮酒检测对于酒精紊乱患者移植中酒精滥用的成功治疗很重要,患有人类免疫缺陷病毒的人需要坚持药物治疗,和特殊职业危害罪犯,他们中的许多人不断否认饮酒。他们最初的不当行为通常会导致与饮酒相关的医疗问题,冲动的社会行为,酒后驾车。通过生化测试对饮酒的准确识别有助于监测饮酒行为。
方法:使用PubMed和GoogleScholar数据库(2010-2015)对当前用于测量饮酒生物标志物的方法进行了系统综述。测试的名称已经确定。进一步研究了社交工具和生化测试之间相关的方法和出版物。明确需要测定标准化以确保使用这些生化测试作为常规生物标志物。
结果:可以使用呼气测试来测量酒精摄入。因为酒精从循环中迅速消除,该分析检测的时间在小时范围内。可选地,可以通过直接测量血液或尿液中的乙醇浓度来检测酒精消耗。已经提出了几种标记来延长检测的间隔和灵敏度,包括尿液中的葡萄糖醛酸乙酯和硫酸乙酯,血液中的磷脂酰乙醇,以及头发中的乙基葡糖苷酸和脂肪酸乙酯,在其他人中。此外,有必要关联间接生物标志物碳水化合物缺乏转铁蛋白,这反映了更多酒精的长期消费,血清γ-谷氨酰转肽酶,另一种在实验室医学中常规使用和标准化的长期间接生物标志物。
BACKGROUND: The quantitative, measurable detection of drinking is important for the successful treatment of alcohol misuse in transplantation of patients with alcohol disorders, people living with human immunodeficiency virus that need to adhere to medication, and special occupational hazard offenders, many of whom continually deny drinking. Their initial misconduct usually leads to medical problems associated with drinking, impulsive social behavior, and drunk driving. The accurate identification of alcohol consumption via biochemical tests contributes significantly to the monitoring of drinking behavior.
METHODS: A systematic review of the current methods used to measure biomarkers of alcohol consumption was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar databases (2010-2015). The names of the tests have been identified. The methods and publications that correlate between the social instruments and the biochemical tests were further investigated. There is a clear need for assays standardization to ensure the use of these biochemical tests as routine biomarkers.
RESULTS: Alcohol ingestion can be measured using a breath test. Because alcohol is rapidly eliminated from the circulation, the time for detection by this analysis is in the range of hours. Alcohol consumption can alternatively be detected by direct measurement of ethanol concentration in blood or urine. Several markers have been proposed to extend the interval and sensitivities of detection, including ethyl glucuronide and ethyl sulfate in urine, phosphatidylethanol in blood, and ethyl glucuronide and fatty acid ethyl esters in hair, among others. Moreover, there is a need to correlate the indirect biomarker carbohydrate deficient transferrin, which reflects longer lasting consumption of higher amounts of alcohol, with serum γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, another long term indirect biomarker that is routinely used and standardized in laboratory medicine.