进行这项研究以研究饲喂芸苔属植物的效果。包括全脂油菜籽,油菜餐,和异硫氰酸烯丙酯(AITC)对用E.maxima攻击的肉鸡。总共576只一天大的雄性肉鸡被完全随机分配到8种处理中,每个笼子有6只复制的笼子和12只鸟。治疗饮食包括非攻击对照(NC,基于玉米-SBM的饮食),挑战控制(CC),10%油菜籽(10RS),30%油菜籽(30RS),20%油菜(20CLM),40%油菜(40CLM),500ppmAITC(500AITC),和1,000ppmAITC(1000AITC)。在第14天,所有鸟类都受到挑战,除NC组外,亚临床剂量的最大E.在感染后5d(dpi)进行肠通透性,对于卵囊脱落,收集5至6dpi的粪便。在6dpi上,增长业绩,病变评分,组织形态学,并测量基因表达。生长性能结果表明,10RS和30RS组的BW较低,BWG,FI,FCR较高(P<0.0001)。在挑战和总体期间,NC组BW最高,BWG,FI,最低的FCR。包含油菜粉在挑战前表现较低,但在挑战期间能够赶上BWG。AITC水平显示出与CC组相似的生长表现。20CLM的肠道通透性,40CLM,500AITC和1000AITC与NC组相似,而CC,10RS,30RS的渗透率高于NC(P<0.0001)。40CLM和NC的卵囊脱落明显较低,而所有其他治疗方法的卵囊脱落率较高(P<0.0001)。所有受攻击的治疗组的病变评分和微评分均高于NC(P<0.0001)。组织形态学数据显示,1000AITC的空肠绒毛高度(VH)与NC组相似,而CC组的VH最低(P=0.01)。30RS组在空肠和回肠中的VH:隐窝深度(CD)比率较低。6dpi时claudin1,occludin的基因表达,IL2,IL6,GLUT5,EAAT,小船,LAT1在治疗间有显著变化。结果表明,30RS在球虫病期间会延缓生长性能并恶化肠道健康,不应在起子阶段饲喂鸡。油菜粉显示生长前挑战下降,但在40%的挑战期间保持了生长和肠道健康。AITC在1,000ppm时显示出与对照组相似的生长,但在挑战期间改善了肠道健康。油菜籽粉可能是SBM的良好替代品,尤其是在球虫病期间,而AITC需要在动物饲喂制度下进行大力测试。
This study was performed to investigate the effect of feeding Brassica spp. including full-fat rapeseed, canola meal, and allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) to broiler chicken challenged with E. maxima. A total of 576 one-day old male broiler chicks were completely randomized to 8 treatments with 6 replicated cages and 12 birds per cage. The treatment diets consisted of nonchallenge control (NC, corn-SBM based diet), challenge control (CC), 10% rapeseed (10RS), 30% rapeseed (30RS), 20% canola (20CLM), 40% canola (40CLM), 500 ppm AITC (500AITC), and 1,000 ppm AITC (1000AITC). At d 14, all birds were challenged, except NC group, with a subclinical dose of E. maxima. Intestinal permeability was conducted on 5 d post-infection (dpi) and for oocyst shedding 5 to 6 dpi feces were pooled and collected. On 6 dpi, growth performance, lesion score, histomorphology, and gene expression were measured. The growth performance result showed that 10RS and 30RS groups had lower BW, BWG, FI, and higher FCR (P < 0.0001). During the challenge and overall periods, NC group had highest BW, BWG, and FI, and lowest FCR. The inclusion of canola meal showed lower performance during prechallenge period but was able to catch up BWG during challenge period. The AITC levels showed similar growth performance to CC group. Intestinal permeability for 20CLM, 40CLM, 500AITC and 1000AITC was similar to NC group, whereas CC, 10RS, and 30RS had higher permeability compared to NC (P < 0.0001). Oocyst shedding was significantly lower for 40CLM and NC, whereas all other treatments had higher oocyst shedding (P < 0.0001). All the challenged treatment groups had higher lesion score and microscore than NC (P < 0.0001). Histomorphology data showed that jejunum villus height (VH) for 1000AITC was similar to NC group, whereas CC group had the lowest VH (P = 0.01). The 30RS group had lower VH: crypt depth (CD) ratio in the jejunum and ileum. The gene expression at 6 dpi for claudin1, occludin, IL2, IL6, GLUT5, EAAT, BoAT, and LAT1 was significantly changed among the treatments. The results suggest that 30RS retards growth performance and deteriorate gut health during coccidiosis and should not be fed to chicken during the starter phase. Canola meal showed decline in growth prechallenge but maintained growth and intestinal health during the challenge period at 40% inclusion. AITC at 1,000 ppm showed similar growth as control group, but with improved gut health during the challenge period. Canola meal could be a good alternative to SBM especially during coccidiosis, whereas AITC needs to be tested vigorously in animal feeding regime.