这篇综述旨在研究报道的砷(As)浓度,镉(Cd),与其他地区相比,非洲和非洲稻田种植的水稻中的铅(Pb)。它还旨在探索影响这些浓度的因素,并评估As升高的相关健康风险,Cd,和铅暴露。相关数据来自PubMed等电子数据库,Scopus,谷歌学者使用与砷相关的特定关键词,镉,铅,大米,非洲,Paddy,和谷物。虽然报告As浓度的研究数量,Cd,与其他地区相比,非洲的水稻和稻田中的铅相对较低,这篇综述显示,大多数非洲水稻和稻田土壤中这些金属的浓度较低。然而,一些研究报告了砷的浓度升高,Cd,和铅在稻田里,这是令人担忧的是,由于在大米生产中越来越多地使用含有重金属的农用化学品。尽管如此,农艺干预措施,如实施交替的湿润和干燥水管理,培育低积累砷的品种,Cd,还有Pb,用吸附剂修改稻田,筛选灌溉水可以使用植物修复技术限制稻田中这些致癌物的生物积累。因此,我们强烈敦促在非洲开展活动的非洲政府和组织提高稻农和推广人员的能力,采取减少稻米中这些致癌金属积累的方法和做法。这对于实现为所有人提供安全食品的可持续发展目标至关重要。
This review aimed to investigate the reported concentrations of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) in rice cultivated in Africa and African rice paddies compared to other regions. It also aimed to explore the factors influencing these concentrations and evaluate the associated health risks of elevated As, Cd, and Pb exposure. Relevant data were obtained from electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar using specific keywords related to arsenic, cadmium, lead, rice, Africa, paddy, and grain. While the number of studies reporting the concentrations of As, Cd, and Pb in rice and rice paddies in Africa is relatively low compared to other regions, this review revealed that most of the African rice and paddy soils have low concentrations of these metals. However, some studies have reported elevated concentrations of As, Cd, and Pb in paddy fields, which is concerning due to the increased use of agrochemicals containing heavy metals in rice production. Nonetheless, agronomical interventions such as implementing alternate wetting and drying water management, cultivating cultivars with low accumulation of As, Cd, and Pb, amending rice fields with sorbents, and screening irrigation water can limit the bioaccumulation of these carcinogens in paddy fields using phytoremediation techniques. Therefore, we strongly urge African governments and organizations operating in Africa to enhance the capacity of rice farmers and extension officers in adopting approaches and practices that reduce the accumulation of these carcinogenic metals in rice. This is essential to achieve the sustainable development goal of providing safe food for all.