严重急性呼吸系统综合症冠状病毒2(SARS-CoV-2),起源于武汉,中国湖北地区,已经成为世界性的流行病。它可以通过液滴传播并通过口服进入,鼻部,和眼粘膜。它由单链RNA(正向)组成,非结构蛋白,包括酶和转录蛋白,和结构蛋白如Spike,膜,信封,和核衣壳蛋白。SARS-CoV-2通过与宿主细胞表面蛋白如四跨膜蛋白结合来介导S蛋白的进入和离开。跨膜四跨膜蛋白,CD151、CD9和四跨膜蛋白8(TSPAN8),通过支架宿主细胞受体和蛋白酶促进新型冠状病毒的进入。此外,据报道,CD151增加气道对钙和核病毒输出信号的高反应性。它们可以通过激活在富含四跨膜蛋白的微域(TEMs)中引发S蛋白所需的丝氨酸蛋白酶来促进进入和退出。本文更新了结构蛋白的最新进展,它们的表位和推定的受体,以及与TEMs相关的蛋白酶对其的调节。这篇综述提供了有关CD151在SARS-CoV-2病理生理学中的作用的最新信息。我们描述了CD151在气道进入和退出的可能机制中的作用,SARS-CoV-2感染的主要部位。我们还更新了有关CD9和TSPAN8在冠状病毒进入和退出机制中的作用的最新知识。最后,我们讨论了一些靶向CD151的小分子作为COVID-19可能的靶向治疗药物的重要性。总之,这项研究可以确定新的靶标和特异性治疗方法来控制新出现的病毒感染。
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which originated in Wuhan, the Hubei region of China, has become a pandemic worldwide. It can transmit through droplets and enter via oral, nasal, and eye mucous membranes. It consists of single-stranded RNA (positive-sense), nonstructural proteins including enzymes and transcriptional proteins, and structural proteins such as Spike, Membrane, Envelope, and Nucleocapsid -proteins. SARS-CoV-2 mediates S-proteins entry and exit via binding to host cell surface proteins like tetraspanins. The transmembrane tetraspanins,
CD151, CD9, and tetraspanin 8 (TSPAN8), facilitate the entry of novel coronaviruses by scaffolding host cell receptors and proteases. Also,
CD151 was reported to increase airway hyperresponsiveness to calcium and nuclear viral export signaling. They may facilitate entry and exit by activating the serine proteases required to prime S-proteins in tetraspanin-enriched microdomains (TEMs). This article updates recent advances in structural proteins, their epitopes and putative receptors, and their regulation by proteases associated with TEMs. This review furnishes recent updates on the role of
CD151 in the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2. We describe the role of
CD151 in a possible mechanism of entry and exit in the airway, a major site for infection of SARS-CoV-2. We also updated current knowledge on the role of CD9 and TSPAN 8 in the entry and exit mechanism of coronaviruses. Finally, we discussed the importance of some small molecules which target
CD151 as possible targeted therapeutics for COVID-19. In conclusion, this study could identify new targets and specific therapeutics to control emerging virus infections.