尽管制药行业在药物发现和开发方面取得了所有重大进展,癌症仍然是科学界最艰巨的挑战之一。纳米技术的含义肯定已经解决了与传统抗癌模式相关的主要问题;然而,单核吞噬细胞系统(MPS)对纳米颗粒(NPs)的不希望的识别,它们在生物流体中的稳定性差,过早释放有效载荷,低生物相容性限制了其临床应用。近几十年来,基于壳聚糖(CS)的纳米递送系统(例如,聚合物NP,胶束,脂质体,树枝状聚合物,共轭,固体脂质纳米粒,等。)在改善化疗药物的药代动力学和药效学方面获得了研究人员的有希望的认可。然而,本综述的特色是主要关注并批判性地讨论各种基于CS的NPs治疗不同类型癌症的靶向潜力.根据他们的交付机制,我们将基于CS的NP分类为刺激反应性,被动,或主动靶向纳米系统。此外,各种功能化策略(例如,用聚乙二醇(PEG)接枝,疏水取代,刺激反应接头的束缚,和靶向配体的缀合)适应CS-NP的结构,用于化疗药物的靶标特异性递送也已被考虑。然而,基于CS-NP的疗法在改善治疗结果同时减轻化疗药物的脱靶效应方面具有巨大的前景。其成功的临床转化需要长期的安全性和人体临床试验.
Despite all major advancements in drug discovery and development in the pharmaceutical industry, cancer is still one of the most arduous challenges for the scientific community. The implications of nanotechnology have certainly resolved major issues related to conventional anticancer modalities; however, the undesired recognition of nanoparticles (NPs) by the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS), their poor stability in biological fluids, premature release of payload, and low biocompatibility have restricted their clinical translation. In recent decades, chitosan (CS)-based nanodelivery systems (eg, polymeric NPs, micelles, liposomes, dendrimers, conjugates, solid lipid nanoparticles, etc.) have attained promising recognition from researchers for improving the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of chemotherapeutics. However, the specialty of this review is to mainly focus on and critically discuss the targeting potential of various CS-based NPs for treatment of different types of cancer. Based on their delivery mechanisms, we classified CS-based NPs into stimuli-responsive, passive, or active targeting nanosystems. Moreover, various functionalization strategies (eg, grafting with polyethylene glycol (PEG), hydrophobic substitution, tethering of stimuli-responsive linkers, and conjugation of targeting ligands) adapted to the architecture of CS-NPs for target-specific delivery of chemotherapeutics have also been considered. Nevertheless, CS-NPs based therapeutics hold great promise for improving therapeutic outcomes while mitigating the off-target effects of chemotherapeutics, a long-term safety profile and clinical testing in humans are warranted for their successful clinical translation.