多形性胶质母细胞瘤是影响中枢神经系统的最常见和侵袭性的恶性肿瘤,高死亡率和低生存率。多形性胶质母细胞瘤的治疗包括肿瘤切除手术,其次是放疗和化疗佐剂。然而,化疗中使用的药物存在一些局限性,如难以穿过血脑屏障和抵抗药物外排的细胞机制。聚合物纳米颗粒的使用已被证明是规避这些限制的有效替代方案。因为它允许探索一系列可以修饰的聚合物结构,以控制药物递送系统的生物分布和细胞毒性作用。纳米颗粒的尺寸是纳米的,并且允许在其表面上掺入靶向配体,有利于血脑屏障的移位和将药物输送到特定部位,增加化疗的选择性和安全性。本文综述了壳聚糖的特性,聚乙烯醇,聚(乳酸-共乙醇酸),聚(乙二醇),聚(β-氨基酯),和聚(ε-己内酯),它们是制造用于治疗多形性胶质母细胞瘤的纳米颗粒中最常用的聚合物。此外,介绍了这些纳米系统中使用的一些主要靶向配体,如转铁蛋白,氯毒素,白蛋白,表皮生长因子,和表皮生长因子受体阻滞剂,探索抗胶质母细胞瘤药物的主动靶向。
Glioblastoma multiforme is the most common and aggressive malignant tumor that affects the central nervous system, with high mortality and low survival. Glioblastoma multiforme treatment includes resection tumor surgery, followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy adjuvants. However, the drugs used in chemotherapy present some limitations, such as the difficulty of crossing the bloodbrain barrier and resisting the cellular mechanisms of drug efflux. The use of polymeric nanoparticles has proven to be an effective alternative to circumvent such limitations, as it allows the exploration of a range of polymeric structures that can be modified in order to control the biodistribution and cytotoxic effect of the drug delivery systems. Nanoparticles are nanometric in size and allow the incorporation of targeting ligands on their surface, favoring the transposition of the blood-brain barrier and the delivery of the drug to specific sites, increasing the selectivity and safety of chemotherapy. The present
review has described the characteristics of chitosan, poly(vinyl alcohol), poly(lactic-coglycolic acid), poly(ethylene glycol), poly(β-amino ester), and poly(ε-caprolactone), which are some of the most commonly used polymers in the manufacture of nanoparticles for the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme. In addition, some of the main targeting ligands used in these nanosystems are presented, such as transferrin, chlorotoxin, albumin, epidermal growth factor, and epidermal growth factor receptor blockers, explored for the active targeting of antiglioblastoma agents.