UNASSIGNED: Several studies have suggested an association between vitamin deficiency and the development of tuberculosis; however, the precise impact remains unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between distinct vitamin statuses and the occurrence of tuberculosis.
UNASSIGNED: Retrieval was conducted using several databases without language restrictions to capture the eligible studies on tuberculosis and vitamin status. Pooled odds ratios (ORs), relative risks (RRs), and hazard ratios (HRs) were used with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to clarify the relationship between the different vitamin statuses (A, B, D, and E) and the occurrence of tuberculosis. Subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, meta-regression analysis, and Galbraith plot were performed to determine sources of heterogeneity. Potential publication biases were detected using Begg\'s test, Egger\'s test, and the trim-and-fill test.
UNASSIGNED: We identified 10,266 original records from our database searches, and 69 eligible studies were considered in this study. The random-effect model showed that people with tuberculosis may exhibit vitamin A deficiency (OR = 10.66, 95%CI: 2.61-43.63, p = .001), while limited cohort studies showed that vitamin A supplementation may reduce tuberculosis occurrence. Additionally, vitamin D deficiency was identified as a risk factor for tuberculosis development (RR = 1.69, 95%CI: 1.06-2.67, p = .026), and people with tuberculosis generally had lower vitamin D levels (OR = 2.19, 95%CI: 1.76-2.73, p < .001) compared to other groups. No publication bias was detected.
UNASSIGNED: This meta-analysis indicated that people with tuberculosis exhibited low levels of vitamins A and D, while vitamin D deficiency was identified as a risk factor for tuberculosis. More randomized controlled interventions at the community levels should be recommended to determine the association between specific vitamin supplementation and tuberculosis onset.

The continuous monitoring and recording of patients\' pain status is a major problem in current research on postoperative pain management. In the large number of original or review articles focusing on different approaches for pain assessment, many researchers have investigated how computer vision (CV) can help by capturing facial expressions. However, there is a lack of proper comparison of results between studies to identify current research gaps.
The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the diagnostic performance of artificial intelligence models for multilevel pain assessment from facial images.
The PubMed, Embase, IEEE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for related publications before September 30, 2023. Studies that used facial images alone to estimate multiple pain values were included in the systematic review. A study quality assessment was conducted using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies, 2nd edition tool. The performance of these studies was assessed by metrics including sensitivity, specificity, log diagnostic odds ratio (LDOR), and area under the curve (AUC). The intermodal variability was assessed and presented by forest plots.
A total of 45 reports were included in the systematic review. The reported test accuracies ranged from 0.27-0.99, and the other metrics, including the mean standard error (MSE), mean absolute error (MAE), intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC), ranged from 0.31-4.61, 0.24-2.8, 0.19-0.83, and 0.48-0.92, respectively. In total, 6 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Their combined sensitivity was 98% (95% CI 96%-99%), specificity was 98% (95% CI 97%-99%), LDOR was 7.99 (95% CI 6.73-9.31), and AUC was 0.99 (95% CI 0.99-1). The subgroup analysis showed that the diagnostic performance was acceptable, although imbalanced data were still emphasized as a major problem. All studies had at least one domain with a high risk of bias, and for 20% (9/45) of studies, there were no applicability concerns.
This review summarizes recent evidence in automatic multilevel pain estimation from facial expressions and compared the test accuracy of results in a meta-analysis. Promising performance for pain estimation from facial images was established by current CV algorithms. Weaknesses in current studies were also identified, suggesting that larger databases and metrics evaluating multiclass classification performance could improve future studies.
PROSPERO CRD42023418181; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=418181.

Sugarcane is the most important sugar and energy crop in the world. During sugarcane breeding, technology is the requirement and methods are the means. As we know, seed is the cornerstone of the development of the sugarcane industry. Over the past century, with the advancement of technology and the expansion of methods, sugarcane breeding has continued to improve, and sugarcane production has realized a leaping growth, providing a large amount of essential sugar and clean energy for the long-term mankind development, especially in the face of the future threats of world population explosion, reduction of available arable land, and various biotic and abiotic stresses. Moreover, due to narrow genetic foundation, serious varietal degradation, lack of breakthrough varieties, as well as long breeding cycle and low probability of gene polymerization, it is particularly important to realize the leapfrog development of sugarcane breeding by seizing the opportunity for the emerging Breeding 4.0, and making full use of modern biotechnology including but not limited to whole genome selection, transgene, gene editing, and synthetic biology, combined with information technology such as remote sensing and deep learning. In view of this, we focus on sugarcane breeding from the perspective of technology and methods, reviewing the main history, pointing out the current status and challenges, and providing a reasonable outlook on the prospects of smart breeding.

By accounting for perceptions of volatility and predictability of key character dimensions (e.g., the predictable volatility of sociability), I advance our understanding of person perception and interpersonal relationships. I incorporate volatility into person perception theory by introducing the volatility, integrity, sociability, and ability (VISA) model. I illustrate the importance of unpredictable volatility and the VISA model by analyzing the use of humor, and I propose three moderators of the effects of humor on trust: content, context, and intent. In doing so, I develop a foundation for future person perception research and bridge the impression formation (warmth and competence), trust (ability, benevolence, and integrity), and status (competence, generosity, and commitment) literature.

There is no systematic and whole-process system for moxibustion standard development at home and abroad, which restricts the industry innovation and technological progress to a certain extent. The paper reviews the study status and finds that the technical standard is dominant in moxibustion standard development currently, represented by conventional moxibustion, heat-sensitive moxibustion, moxibustion on the Governor Vessel, moxibustion with seed-size moxa cone and herb-isolated moxibustion, etc. There are many gaps in the standards development of moxibustion material and device, equipment building, moxa smoke purification, and management and job. On the basis of explaining the standard framework of moxibustion, it is suggested that the moxibustion standardization should be deepened in the aspects of hierarchical technical operation, material selection, research and development of new devices, personnel training and equipment management.
国内外尚没有针对灸法制定系统的、全流程的标准体系，在一定程度上制约了行业创新与技术进步。本文回顾既往研究现状，发现目前灸法标准主要集中在技术标准，以艾灸、热敏灸、督灸、麦粒灸、药泥灸等为代表。灸材、灸具的标准化，装备建设、艾烟净化、管理和工作标准等方面存在较多空白。本文在阐述灸法标准体系框架基础上，进一步提出了从技术分层操作、灸法选材、新型灸具研发、人才培养、装备管理等方面深入开展灸法标准化研究的建议。.

UNASSIGNED: In December 2022, China revised its epidemic prevention and control strategy, leading to an increase in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases and a peak in medical consultations. Government departments implemented relevant policies to coordinate and allocate medical resources throughout China. However, there is a scarcity of research on the status of medical consultations and the factors influencing them.
UNASSIGNED: In the study population, over 80% of individuals with COVID-19 chose not to pursue medical care, while more than 70% of patients who sought treatment opted for primary healthcare facilities. The decision to consult medical professionals was influenced by various factors, such as age, education level, employment status, urban-rural distribution, and the presence of symptoms following COVID-19 infection.
UNASSIGNED: The implementation of tiered diagnostic and treatment approaches, aligned with guidelines issued by governing bodies, is essential for mitigating the strain on medical resources. Primary healthcare institutions serve as \"gatekeepers\" for public health and should be further expanded in the future.

Objective: To systematically review the status and factors influencing presenteeism among clinical nurses. Methods: In December 2021, CNKI, CBM, Wanfang, VIP, Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PsyclNFO and other databases were electronically searched to cross sectional studies on the current situation and factors influencing the occurrence of presenteeism among clinical nurses. The search terms mainly included presenteeism, sick at work, Stanford Presenteeism Scale, nurse, level, risk factor, influence, et al. And the search time was from the establishment of the database to November 30, 2021. Literature screening, data extraction and evaluation of the risk of bias in the included literature were done independently by two researchers, and meta-analysis was performed using Stata 15.1 software. Results: A total of 29 studies involving 13 535 clinical nurses were included.The results of the meta-analysis showed that the score of presenteeism was 17.99 [95% CI (17.02-18.95), P =0.000]. Subgroup analysis showed that presenteeism scores were higher in articles published before 2020 (ES=19.28, 95%CI: 18.41-20.15, P=0.000) and in the group of nurses aged 36 to 40 years (ES=19.27, 95%CI: 17.35~21.19, P=0.000), female (ES= 17.04, 95%CI: 14.70-19.39, P=0.000), secondary school education (ES=21.01, 95%CI: 17.76-24.26, P= 0.007), married (ES=17.49, 95%CI: 15.13-19.85, P=0.000), working for 5 to 10 years (ES=17.78, 95%CI: 16.54-19.02, P=0.000), contract (ES=17.05, 95%CI: 15.23-18.87, P=0.000), working in pediatrics (ES= 16.65, 95% CI: 15.31-17.99, P=0.000) and European region (ES =21.21, 95% CI: 20.50-21.93, P=0.000) . Conclusion: Current evidence suggests that clinical nurses are at high risk of presenteeism, which is affected by variety of factors. The managers should pay attention to the physical and mental health of nurses, identify high-risk factors as early as possible and take measures to reduce the occurrence of presenteeism and improve the quality of nursing.
目的： 运用Meta分析方法评估临床护士隐性缺勤的发生现状和影响因素。 方法： 于2021年12月，检索中国期刊全文数据库（CNKI）、中国生物医学文献数据库（CBM）、万方数据库（Wan Fang Data）、维普数据库（VIP）、Web of Science、PubMed、EMbase、The Cochrane Library、CINAHL、PsyclNFO数据库，检索时限从建库至2021年11月30日，搜集关于临床护士隐性缺勤发生现状及影响因素的横断面研究，采用Stata 15.1软件进行Meta分析。 结果： 共纳入29篇横断面研究，13 535名临床护士。Meta分析结果显示，临床护士隐性缺勤评分为17.99分[95%CI（17.02~18.95），P=0.000]。亚组分析显示，在2020年前发表的相关文献数据（ES=19.28，95%CI：18.41~20.15，P=0.000），以及年龄在36~ 40岁（ES=19.27，95%CI：17.35~21.19，P=0.000）、女性（ES=17.04，95%CI：14.70~19.39，P=0.000）、中专学历（ES=21.01，95%CI：17.76~24.26，P=0.007）、已婚（ES=17.49，95%CI：15.13~19.85，P=0.000）、工作5~ 10年（ES= 17.78，95%CI：16.54~19.02，P=0.000）、合同制（ES=17.05，95% CI：15.23~18.87，P=0.000）、儿科（ES= 16.65 ，95%CI：15.31~17.99，P=0.000）和欧洲地区（ES=21.21，95%CI：20.50~21.93，P=0.000）的护士群体中隐性缺勤评分更高。 结论： 临床护士隐性缺勤风险较高，受多种因素影响。管理者应当关注护士身心健康，尽早识别高危因素并采取相应措施，降低护士隐性缺勤的发生，提升护理质量。.

This study investigates the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on employee job performance trajectories, and further examines the moderating effects of different sources of status. Drawing from event system theory (EST), we propose that employee job performance decreases upon COVID-19 onset, but gradually increases during the postonset period. Furthermore, we argue that status from society, occupation, and workplace functions to moderate such performance trajectories. We test our hypotheses with a unique dataset of 708 employees that combines survey responses and job performance archival data over 21 consecutive months (10,808 observations) spanning the preonset, onset, and postonset periods of the initial encounter with COVID-19 in China. Utilizing discontinuous growth modeling (DGM), our findings indicate that the onset of COVID-19 created an immediate decrease in job performance, but such decrease was weakened by higher occupation and/or workplace status. However, the postonset period resulted in a positive employee job performance trajectory, which was strengthened for employees with lower occupational status. These findings enrich our understanding of COVID-19\'s impact on employee job performance trajectories, highlight the role of status in moderating such changes over time, and also provide practical implications to understand employee performance when facing such a crisis.

This article discusses the mechanism of the ambidextrous behavior of entrepreneurs in exploring and exploiting simultaneously in new ventures. We draw on social cognition theory to discuss the influence of entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) on entrepreneurs\' ambidextrous behavior and the moderating effect of their status. We contend that an inverted \'U\' relationship exists between ESE and entrepreneurs\' ambidextrous behavior. A higher economic status of an entrepreneur strengthens the relationship between ESE and that entrepreneur\'s ambidextrous behavior, whereas higher power status weakens the relationship. Analyses of high-tech industry entrepreneurs support our hypotheses in the context of emerging economies, represented by China.

Connecting the neoinstitutional theory with Bourdieu\'s field theory, we develop a framework on the dual institutional process of integration and differentiation in a field. While the neoinstitutional theory has focused on similar organizational structures, we shift the research focus to offer an institutional explanation of differential organizational status. Drawing insights from Bourdieu\'s theory and key concepts, we highlight that the very institutional mechanisms causing isomorphism-regulative forces, normative pressures, and cognitive processes-also generate systematic status differentiation among organizations via their different levels of capital, homologous structures, and various habitus in a field. Our extended framework has theoretical significance in advancing the neoinstitutional theory, the research of status in organizational and economic sociology, and the Bourdieusian perspective. By theorizing status differentiation among organizations, it also adds an important dimension to enrich our understanding of multilevel status and social hierarchies.