在低收入和中等收入国家(LMIC),女性自杀是一个严重的公共卫生问题。这项研究探讨了对妇女的制度性歧视,正如正式和非正式法律所体现的那样,与国家收入水平的女性自杀死亡率的变化有关。它还研究了哪些歧视性法律与LMIC妇女自杀有关。
关于歧视妇女的法律的分数,176个国家,是从性别中获得的,机构和发展数据库。2017年男性与女性(M/F)自杀比率是女性自杀倾向的指数。通过引导方法分析了歧视妇女的法律在国家收入水平与M/F自杀率之间的关系中的中介作用。回归分析研究了哪些歧视性法律与LMIC女性自杀率相关。
LMIC的M/F自杀率明显低于高收入国家。制度歧视介导了国家收入水平与M/F自杀率之间的关联(总效应:β=-0.13,95%CI[-0.26,-0.01];直接效应:β=-0.06,95%CI[-0.20,0.08];间接效应:β=-0.07,95%CI[-0.15,-0.02])。在LMIC中,在获得生产和财政资源方面,对妇女的歧视程度更高(β=-0.69,p<0.001),公民自由(β=-0.60,p<0.001),在家庭法中(β=-0.57,p<0.001)与控制男性自杀率和出生时性别比后较小的M/F自杀率有关。
LMIC中记录的女性自杀率相对较高,这可能与这些国家女性经历的更高水平的制度歧视有关。在LMIC中,where,根据法律,妇女获得生产性资产和金融资产以及诉诸司法的机会受到限制,和/或公民权利不平等,家庭责任,离婚,和继承,M/F自杀率较低-也就是说,女性自杀率较高。自杀理论,研究,和针对妇女的预防应纳入社会背景和社会正义观点。
Women\'s suicide is a serious public health issue in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). This study explored whether institutional discrimination against women, as manifested in formal and informal laws, is relevant to country\'s income-level variability in women\'s suicide mortality. It also examined which discriminatory laws are associated with LMIC women\'s suicides.
Scores on laws discriminating against women, across 176 countries, were obtained from the Gender, Institutions and Development Database. Male-to-female (M/F) 2017 suicide ratios were the index of women\'s propensity for suicide. The mediating role of laws discriminating against women on the association between country\'s income level and M/F suicide ratio was analysed by bootstrapping method. Regression analyses examined which discriminatory laws were associated with LMIC women\'s suicide rates.
LMIC had significantly smaller M/F suicide ratios than high-income countries. Institutional discrimination mediated the association between country\'s income-level and M/F suicide ratio (total effect: β = -0.13, 95% CI [ -0.26, -0.01]; direct effect: β = -0.06, 95% CI [ -0.20, 0.08]; indirect effect: β = -0.07, 95% CI [ -0.15, -0.02]). In LMIC, higher levels of discrimination against women in laws about access to productive and financial resources (β = -0.69, p < 0.001), civil liberties (β = -0.60, p < 0.001), and in family law (β = -0.57, p < 0.001) were associated with smaller M/F suicide ratios after controlling for male suicide rates and sex ratios at birth.
The relatively high suicide rates recorded among women in LMIC might be related to the higher level of institutional discrimination women experience in these countries. In LMIC, where, by law, women had restricted access to productive and financial assets and to justice, and/or unequal rights with regard to citizenship, household-responsibilities, divorce, and inheritance, M/F suicide ratios were lower-that is, women\'s suicide rates were higher. Suicide theory, research, and prevention targeting women should incorporate social-context and social-justice perspectives.