目的:一些研究已经描述了健康饮食对儿童认知的益处。然而,许多先前的研究已经分析了对一般认知领域(例如智力)的影响,使用几乎完全基于当地考试的措施,很少考虑社会背景。
目的:本研究的目的是研究蒙得维的亚低收入社区6-8岁儿童的两种饮食模式与情境认知绩效指标之间的关系,乌拉圭。
方法:270名数据完整的一年级儿童参与了研究。食物的消耗是通过与母亲进行两次平均24小时饮食召回来确定的。通过主成分分析确定了两种饮食模式:“加工(高热量)食品”和“营养丰富”。儿童的认知表现,包括一般认知能力,在数学和阅读方面的成就,用Woodcock-Muñoz认知和成就量表评估预测和实际成就之间的差异分数。在多水平模型中分析了膳食模式和认知终点的关联,由孩子们的学校聚集。社会人口统计学和生物学变量被用作协变量。
结果:营养丰富的食物模式,其特点是深色多叶和红橙色蔬菜的消费量较高,鸡蛋,豆类和豌豆,土豆,与更好的阅读性能有关,β系数为3.28(95%CI0.02,6.54)。营养丰富的食物因素与阅读差异之间也存在关联,2.52(0.17、4.87)。加工(高热量)食物模式,特点是面包消费量较高,加工肉类,脂肪和油,加糖饮料,和甜酸奶/乳制品;减少牛奶摄入量,糕点和披萨晚餐与认知表现无关。
结论:营养密集食物模式与儿童阅读成绩呈正相关。营养丰富的饮食可能有利于在学校开始时的书面语言习得。
OBJECTIVE: The benefits of a healthy diet on children´s cognition have been described in several studies. However, many previous studies have analyzed the effect on general cognitive domains (e.g. intelligence), used measures based almost exclusively on local examinations, and rarely consider social context.
OBJECTIVE: The objective of the present study was to examine the relationship between two diet patterns and contextualized cognitive performance measures of children aged 6-8 years from low-average income neighborhoods in Montevideo, Uruguay.
METHODS: 270 first-grade children with complete data participated in the study. Consumption of foods was determined via two averaged 24-h dietary recalls with the mother. Two dietary patterns were identified via principal component analysis: \"processed (high calorie) foods\" and \"nutrient dense\". Children´s cognitive performance, including general cognitive abilities, achievement in mathematics and reading, and discrepancy scores between predicted and actual achievement was assessed with the Woodcock-Muñoz Cognitive and Achievement scales. The association of dietary patterns and cognitive endpoints was analyzed in multilevel models, clustered by children´s school. Sociodemographic and biological variables were used as covariates.
RESULTS: The nutrient dense foods pattern, characterized by higher consumption of dark leafy and red-orange vegetables, eggs, beans & peas, potatoes, was associated with better performance in reading, with beta coefficient 3.28 (95% CI 0.02, 6.54). There was also an association between the nutrient dense foods factor and the Discrepancy in reading, 2.52 (0.17, 4.87). Processed (high calorie) foods pattern, characterized by higher consumption of breads, processed meats, fats and oils, sweetened beverages, and sweetened yogurt/dairy products; reduced intake of milk, pastries and pizza dinners was not associated with cognitive performance.
CONCLUSIONS: Nutrient dense food pattern was positively associated with children\'s reading achievement. A nutrient-rich diet may benefit written language acquisition at the beginning of schooling.