食物摄入和体重调节对于满足当今生活方式的基本要求具有特殊意义。由于平衡的能量摄入和消耗对健康生活至关重要,高水平的能量摄入与肥胖有关。因此,能量摄入的调节通过短期和长期信号发生,因为复杂的中枢和外周生理信号控制食物摄入。这项工作旨在通过更新最新知识来探索和汇编影响食物饱腹感效率的主要因素,以指出饱腹感干扰食物摄入量调节的潜在驱动因素的新观点。人类内部因素,如遗传学,性别,年龄,营养状况,胃肠饱腹感信号,肠道酶,胃排空率,肠道菌群,个体对食物的行为反应,睡眠和昼夜节律可能对确定饱腹感很重要。此外,强调了影响饱腹感效率的外部因素(环境和行为)。基于与食物消费和饮食模式相关的机制,生理,和心理因素影响饱腹感或饱腹感。复杂的内分泌和神经内分泌机制网络控制着饱腹感途径。根据食物摄入和其他行为线索,肠道信号使内分泌系统能够瞄准大脑。肠和胃信号与中枢神经系统中的神经通路相互作用以停止进食或诱导饱腹感。此外,复杂的食物组成和结构导致不同食物组的饱腹感反应有很大差异。更好地了解食物和影响饱腹感效率的因素可能有助于根据最新的科学证据做出明智的食物选择和健康生活方式的饮食建议。
Food intake and body weight regulation are of special interest for meeting today\'s lifestyle essential requirements. Since balanced energy intake and expenditure are crucial for healthy living, high levels of energy intake are associated with obesity. Hence, regulation of energy intake occurs through short- and long-term signals as complex central and peripheral physiological signals control food intake. This work aims to explore and compile the main factors influencing satiating efficiency of foods by updating recent knowledge to point out new perspectives on the potential drivers of satiety interfering with food intake regulation. Human internal factors such as genetics, gender, age, nutritional status, gastrointestinal
satiety signals, gut enzymes, gastric emptying rate, gut microbiota, individual behavioral response to foods, sleep and circadian rhythms are likely to be important in determining
satiety. Besides, the external factors (environmental and behavioral) impacting
satiety efficiency are highlighted. Based on mechanisms related to food consumption and dietary patterns several physical, physiological, and psychological factors affect satiety or satiation. A complex network of endocrine and neuroendocrine mechanisms controls the
satiety pathways. In response to food intake and other behavioral cues, gut signals enable endocrine systems to target the brain. Intestinal and gastric signals interact with neural pathways in the central nervous system to halt eating or induce satiety. Moreover, complex food composition and structures result in considerable variation in
satiety responses for different food groups. A better understanding of foods and factors impacting the efficiency of satiety could be helpful in making smart food choices and dietary recommendations for a healthy lifestyle based on updated scientific evidence.