背景:岗坝羊作为藏羊的著名品种,它的羊毛颜色主要是白色和黑色。岗巴羊毛作为西藏毛毯和西藏serge的优质原料在经济上很重要。然而,关于藏羊羊毛颜色的研究相对较少。
结果:为了填补这一研究空白,本研究采用全基因组重测序的方法对2个江巴羊群体(黑白羊毛色)进行了深入分析,以鉴定与羊毛色相关的遗传变异。利用PCA,遗传混合物,和N-J树分析,本研究揭示了黑色和白色羊毛彩色刚巴绵羊种群之间一致的遗传关系和结构,这与他们的品种历史是一致的。使用多种方法分析选择签名(FST,π比,Tajima\'sD),在黑羊毛组(GBBvsGBW)中筛选了370个候选基因;其中,MC1R,MLPH,SPIRE2,RAB17,SMARCA4,IRF4,CAV1,USP7,TP53,MYO6,MITF,MC2R,TET2、NF1、JAK1、GABRR1基因主要与黑色素合成有关,黑色素递送,和分配。候选基因的富集结果鉴定了与黑色表型形成相关的35个GO条目和19个KEGG途径。在白羊毛组(GBWvsGBB)中筛选了311个候选基因;其中,REST,POU2F1,ADCY10,CCNB1,EP300,BRD4,GLI3和SDHA基因主要与干扰神经c细胞向黑素细胞分化有关,影响黑素细胞的增殖,抑制黑色素合成.31个GO条目和22个KEGG途径与白色表型的形成有关。
结论:本研究为了解岗巴羊毛颜色的遗传机制提供了重要信息,并为改善和优化藏绵羊的羊毛颜色提供遗传知识。遗传改良和选择性育种生产特定颜色的羊毛可以满足西藏毛纺市场对羊毛产品多样性的需求。
BACKGROUND: Gangba sheep as a famous breed of Tibetan sheep, its wool color is mainly white and black. Gangba wool is economically important as a high-quality raw material for Tibetan blankets and Tibetan serge. However, relatively few studies have been conducted on the wool color of Tibetan sheep.
RESULTS: To fill this research gap, this study conducted an in-depth analysis of two populations of Gangba sheep (black and white wool color) using whole genome resequencing to identify genetic variation associated with wool color. Utilizing PCA, Genetic Admixture, and N-J Tree analyses, the present study revealed a consistent genetic relationship and structure between black and white wool colored Gangba sheep populations, which is consistent with their breed history. Analysis of selection signatures using multiple methods (FST, π ratio, Tajima\'s D), 370 candidate genes were screened in the black wool group (GBB vs GBW); among them, MC1R, MLPH, SPIRE2, RAB17, SMARCA4, IRF4, CAV1, USP7, TP53, MYO6, MITF, MC2R, TET2, NF1, JAK1, GABRR1 genes are mainly associated with melanin synthesis, melanin delivery, and distribution. The enrichment results of the candidate genes identified 35 GO entries and 19 KEGG pathways associated with the formation of the black phenotype. 311 candidate genes were screened in the white wool group (GBW vs GBB); among them, REST, POU2F1, ADCY10, CCNB1, EP300, BRD4, GLI3, and SDHA genes were mainly associated with interfering with the differentiation of neural crest cells into melanocytes, affecting the proliferation of melanocytes, and inhibiting melanin synthesis. 31 GO entries and 22 KEGG pathways were associated with the formation of the white phenotype.
CONCLUSIONS: This study provides important information for understanding the genetic mechanism of wool color in Gangba, and provides genetic knowledge for improving and optimizing the wool color of Tibetan sheep. Genetic improvement and selective breeding to produce wool of specific colors can meet the demand for a diversity of wool products in the Tibetan wool textile market.