PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Variation in coat color among equids has attracted significant interest in genetics and breeding research. The range of colors is primarily determined by the type, concentration, and distribution of melanin pigments, with the balance between eumelanin and pheomelanin influenced by numerous genetic factors. Advances in genomic and sequencing technologies have enabled the identification of several candidate genes that influence coat color, thereby clarifying the genetic basis of these diverse phenotypes. In this review, we concisely categorize coat coloration in horses and donkeys, focusing on the biosynthesis and types of melanin involved in pigmentation. Moreover, we highlight the regulatory roles of some key candidate genes, such as MC1R, TYR, MITF, ASIP, and KIT, in coat color variation. Moreover, the review explores how coat color relates to selective breeding and specific equine diseases, offering valuable insights for developing breeding strategies that enhance both the esthetic and health aspects of equine species.
摘要：
马匹之间的皮毛颜色变化引起了遗传学和育种研究的极大兴趣。颜色的范围主要由类型决定，浓度,和黑色素的分布，Eumelanin和pheomelanin之间的平衡受到众多遗传因素的影响。基因组和测序技术的进步已经能够鉴定出几种影响毛色的候选基因。从而阐明这些不同表型的遗传基础。在这次审查中,我们简明扼要地将马匹和驴的外衣颜色分类，关注与色素沉着有关的黑色素的生物合成和类型。此外，我们强调了一些关键候选基因的调节作用，如MC1R，TYR,MITF,ASIP,和KIT,在外套颜色变化。此外，这篇评论探讨了毛色如何与选择性育种和特定的马病相关，为开发育种策略提供有价值的见解，这些策略可以增强马种的美学和健康方面。
