钩端螺旋体病是由钩端螺旋体属病原菌引起的一种急性传染病。该病广泛分布于中国各地,危害人类和动物健康。小鼠可自然携带多种致病性钩端螺旋体,因此是人类和牲畜感染的重要来源。本研究的目的是评估和分析小鼠钩端螺旋体的患病率及其危险因素。我们通过中国知网(CNKI)收集了46种在《成立之初》到2022年出版的出版物,VIP中国期刊数据库,万方数据库,PubMed,和科学直接。在这些研究中,对中国5个地区的54051只小鼠进行了调查,钩端螺旋体病的患病率为1.11%至35.29%。我国南方鼠类钩端螺旋体病患病率最高,20.13%,也是中国东北最低的,1.11%(P<0.05)。雄鼠钩端螺旋体病患病率为21.38%,显著高于女性(17.07%;P<0.05)。根据检测方法亚组结果显示,血清学检测的患病率为15.94%,显著高于病因学和分子生物学方法(P<0.01)。在样本子群中,血清样本阳性率为15.30%,明显高于组织样本,7.97%。此外,分析了不同地理因素对患病率的影响,说明长江流域是钩端螺旋体病的高发区。研究表明,钩端螺旋体在全国无处不在,和环境等因素,温度和地形影响小鼠的分布及其细菌携带率。我们建议加强钩端螺旋体病的持续监测,采取有效的综合措施,如减少与水的接触,在高发季节接种疫苗,避免因水污染和接触受感染的鼠类而造成的人类污染。
Leptospirosis is an acute infectious disease caused by pathogenic bacteria from the genus Leptospira. The disease is widely distributed throughout
China, causing harm to human and animal health. Murine may naturally carry a variety of pathogenic Leptospira, thus being important sources of infection by humans and livestock. The aim of this study was to assess and analyse the prevalence of Leptospira and its risk factors in murine. We collected 46 publications published between inception and 2022 through
China Knowledge Network (CNKI), VIP Chinese Journal Database, Wanfang Database, PubMed, and ScienceDirect. In these studies, a total of 54,051
murine in 5 regions of
China were investigated, and the prevalence of leptospirosis ranged from 1.11 to 35.29%. The prevalence of
murine leptospirosis in south
China was the highest, at 20.13%, and the lowest in northeast
China, at 1.11% (P < 0.05). The prevalence of leptospirosis in male murine was 21.38%, which was significantly higher than that in females (17.07%; P < 0.05). Results according to detection method subgroup showed that the prevalence from serological testing was 15.94%, which was significantly higher than that of etiology and molecular biology methods (P < 0.01). In the sample subgroup, the positive rate of serum samples was 15.30%, which was significantly higher than that of tissue samples, at 7.97%. In addition, the influence of different geographical factors on prevalence was analyzed, indicating that the Yangtze River Basin was a high-incidence area for leptospirosis. The study showed that Leptospira were ubiquitous throughout the country, and factors such as environment, temperature and landform affect the murine distribution and their bacteria carrying rate. We suggest strengthening the continuous monitoring of leptospirosis and taking effective and comprehensive measures such as reducing water contact, vaccinating in high-incidence seasons, and avoiding human contamination caused by water pollution and contact with infected murine.