截肢脱角术(AD)是在小牛身上进行的一种常见做法,造成有害影响,如疼痛,苦恼,焦虑,和恐惧。这些影响延伸到行为,生理,和血液学反应,引发了关于动物福利的严重伦理问题,即使在局部麻醉下进行。美洛昔康,一种非甾体抗炎药,已广泛用于减轻小牛的去角和去角的副作用。然而,关于美洛昔康对接受AD手术的6周至6月龄小牛的影响的研究存在显著差距.本研究旨在评估美洛昔康与利多卡因联合给药的有效性。眼角神经麻醉剂,在减轻该年龄范围内的小牛AD手术引起的不良影响方面,与单独使用利多卡因相比。选取30只荷斯坦公牛,随机分为2组。第一组(安慰剂)在角区皮下注射5mL利多卡因,并在颈部以0.025mL/kg的剂量皮下注射0.9%盐水,在AD程序前10分钟给药。第二组(MX)接受利多卡因和美洛昔康的组合:在角区域皮下注射5mL利多卡因,在颈部以0.025mL/kg的剂量皮下注射20mg/mL美洛昔康,也在AD程序前10分钟给药。为了避免主观偏见,研究人员对治疗组不知情.疼痛相关行为,包括甩尾,摇头,耳鸣,头部摩擦,头部交叉杆,踢,被观察到,和生理参数,包括心率,直肠温度,呼吸频率,机械性伤害感受阈值(MNT),每天活动的步骤,和食物摄入量进行监测。使用酶联免疫吸附测定和常规血液检查确定血液学状况。使用广义线性混合模型(GLMM)处理数据。结果表明,AD程序增加了耳鸣的频率,并导致呼吸率上升,心率,直肠温度,和日常活动步骤。它还导致总食物摄入量减少,饲草摄入量,干草摄入量,MNT,和前列腺素E2(PgE2)的浓度增加,白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β),肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α),一氧化氮(NO),和丙二醛,以及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性。然而,接受美洛昔康治疗的小牛对AD程序的反应显着改善,包括较低的呼吸率,心率,和直肠温度;较高的MNTs;和较低的中间细胞比率。他们的红细胞计数也更高,血红蛋白水平,血细胞比容值;较大的平均血小板体积;和较低浓度的PgE2,IL-1β,TNF-α,和不。这些结果表明,利多卡因和美洛昔康的共同给药可能有助于减轻AD手术对这些小牛的不利影响。从而支持在6周至6个月的小牛的AD手术中使用美洛昔康和局部麻醉药。
Amputation dehorning (AD) is a common practice performed on calves, causing harmful effects such as pain, distress, anxiety, and fear. These effects extend to behavioral, physiological, and hematological responses, prompting serious ethical concerns regarding animal welfare, even when performed with local anesthesia.
Meloxicam, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, has been widely used to mitigate the side effects of dehorning and disbudding in calves. However, there is a notable gap in research regarding the effects of
meloxicam on calves aged 6 wk to 6 mo undergoing AD procedures. This study was designed to assess the effectiveness of co-administering meloxicam with lidocaine, a cornual nerve anesthetic, in alleviating the adverse effects caused by the AD procedure in calves within this age range, compared with the use of lidocaine alone. Thirty Holstein calves were enrolled and randomly divided into 2 groups. The first group received a subcutaneous injection of 5 mL of lidocaine in the horn area and a subcutaneous injection of 0.9% saline at a dose of 0.025 mL/kg in the neck, administered 10 min before the AD procedure. The second group received a combination of lidocaine and
meloxicam: a subcutaneous injection of 5 mL of lidocaine in the horn area and a subcutaneous injection of 20 mg/mL
meloxicam at a dose of 0.025 mL/kg in the neck, also administered 10 min before the AD procedure. To avoid subjective bias, the researchers were blinded to the treatment groups. Pain-related behaviors, including tail flicking, head shaking, ear flicking, head rubbing, head crossing bar, and kicking, were observed, and physiological parameters, including heart rate, rectal temperature, respiration rate, mechanical nociceptive threshold (MNT), daily active steps, and food intake were monitored. Hematological conditions were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and routine blood tests. The data were processed using a generalized linear mixed model. The outcomes demonstrated that the AD procedure increased the frequencies of ear flicking and resulted in rises in the respiration rate, heart rate, rectal temperature, and daily active steps. It also led to decreases in total food intake, forage intake, hay intake, MNT, and increased concentrations of prostaglandin E2 (PgE2), IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), nitric oxide (NO), and malondialdehyde, as well as glutathione peroxidase activity. However, calves that received
meloxicam treatment showed significant improvements in response to the AD procedure, including lower respiration rates, heart rates, and rectal temperatures; higher MNT; and lower intermediate cell ratio. They also had higher red blood counts, hemoglobin levels, hematocrit values; larger mean platelet volumes; and lower concentrations of PgE2, IL-1β, TNF-α, and NO. These results suggest that co-administration of lidocaine and meloxicam may aid in mitigating the adverse effects induced by the AD procedure on these calves, thereby supporting the use of meloxicam in conjunction with a local anesthetic in AD procedures for calves aged 6 wk to 6 mo.