苛性碱糊状除芽(CPD)被广泛用于小牛,已知会对小牛产生不利影响,并导致与动物福利有关的伦理问题,尽管使用了局部麻醉药。美洛昔康的给药已被证明在减轻9天大并经受CPD的幼年小牛的疼痛和炎症方面提供益处。尽管如此,缺乏文献记载美洛昔康在减轻9天以上接受CPD的小牛疼痛方面的有益影响.因此,本临床试验的目的是评估美洛昔康和利多卡因联合应用于眼角神经阻滞在减轻CPD有害影响方面的疗效。而不是在九天以上的小牛中单独使用利多卡因。30头荷斯坦牛,年龄在10到21天之间,入选并随机分配到2种治疗方法中的1种:利多卡因单独治疗(安慰剂),利多卡因和生理盐水治疗前CPD,利多卡因加美洛昔康(MX),在CPD之前利多卡因和0.5mg/kg美洛昔康治疗。研究人员对小牛的治疗是盲目的,以控制主观错误。与疼痛相关的动作的发生,其中包括摇头,头部摩擦,耳鸣,甩尾,踢,头穿过栅栏,被记录下来。生理表现,包括呼吸率,心率,直肠温度,机械性伤害感受阈值(MNT),食物摄入量,和日常活动水平,被监控。通过使用常规血液检查和酶联免疫吸附测定来确定血液学状况。采用广义线性混合模型(GLMM)对数据进行分析。研究结果表明,应用CPD程序显着提高了甩尾的频率,摇头,踢,导致呼吸频率增加,心率,每天活动的步骤,食物摄入量和MNT的减少,并导致血液学标志物的改变,包括血小板计数,平均血小板体积,前列腺素E2,组成型一氧化氮合酶,和羟基自由基。可观的好处,比如降低心率,更高的食物摄入量,和MNT,以及较低水平的白细胞计数,淋巴细胞计数,血红蛋白,平均血小板体积,前列腺素E2,肿瘤坏死因子-α,组成型一氧化氮合酶,丙二醛,和羟基自由基,在接受美洛昔康治疗以响应CPD的小牛中观察到。研究结果表明,利多卡因和美洛昔康的共同给药在减轻疼痛方面具有明显的益处,炎症,和氧化应激在9天以上的小牛和CPD。这支持了在小牛的分离和脱角过程中使用美洛昔康。
Caustic paste disbudding (CPD) is widely utilized for calves, which has been known to result in adverse effects on the calves and ethical concerns related to animal welfare, despite the use of local anesthetics. The administration of meloxicam has been demonstrated to provide benefits in alleviating pain and inflammation in juvenile calves under 9 d old and subjected to CPD. Nonetheless, there is a scarcity of literature documenting the beneficial impact of meloxicam in alleviating pain in calves aged over 9 d that have undergone CPD. Therefore, the objective of this clinical
trial was to evaluate the efficacy of administering
meloxicam and lidocaine for cornual nerve block together in mitigating the deleterious effects of CPD, as opposed to using lidocaine alone in calves older than 9 d. Thirty Holstein calves, aged between 10 and 21 d, were enrolled and randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments: lidocaine alone (Placebo), lidocaine and normal saline treatment before CPD, and lidocaine plus meloxicam, lidocaine and 0.5 mg/kg of
meloxicam treatment prior to CPD. The researchers were blind to the treatment of calves to control the subjective error. The occurrences of actions associated with pain, which included head shaking, head rubbing, ear flicking, tail flicking, kicking, and head passing through the fence, were recorded. Physiological performance, including the respiration rate, heart rate, rectal temperature, mechanical nociceptive threshold (MNT), food intake, and daily activity level, was monitored. Hematological conditions were ascertained through the use of routine blood tests and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The generalized linear mixed model was employed to analyze the data. The research findings revealed that applying the CPD procedure significantly elevated the frequencies of tail flicking, head shaking, and kicking, resulted in increases in respiratory rate, heart rate, daily active steps, and food intake and a decrease in MNT, and led to alterations in hematological markers, including platelet counts, mean platelet volume, prostaglandin E2, constitutive nitric oxide synthase, and hydroxyl radical. Considerable benefits, such as lower heart rates, higher food intake, and MNTs, as well as lower levels of white blood cell counts, lymphocyte counts, hemoglobin, mean platelet volume, prostaglandin E2, tumor necrosis factor-α, constitutive nitric oxide synthase, malondialdehyde, and hydroxyl radical, were observed in the calves that received meloxicam treatment in response to CPD. The findings of the
study indicate that the co-administration of lidocaine and
meloxicam provides obvious benefits in mitigating pain, inflammation, and oxidative stress in calves aged over 9 d and undergoing CPD. This endorses the use of
meloxicam during the disbudding and dehorning procedures of calves.
Caustic paste disbudding (CPD) is a widely used practice in the cattle industry, yet there is a shortage of literature on the effects of meloxicam on calves aged 10 to 21 d who have undergone this procedure. In this clinical
trial, we conducted a comparative analysis of the pain-related behavioral, physiological, and hematological performance of calves that were administered with either lidocaine plus normal saline (n = 15) or lidocaine plus meloxicam (n = 15) before undergoing disbudding operations. The findings demonstrated that the CPD operation had a significant impact on the pain-related behavior, physiological functions, and serum anti-inflammatory and antioxidative markers of the calves. On the other hand, the administration of meloxicam had notable advantages for the calves by enhancing the physiological and hematological parameters.