目的:本研究旨在通过追踪COVID-19患者密切接触者,比较儿童与成人感染的风险,探讨严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒-2(SARS-CoV-2)感染的危险因素。
方法:回顾性队列研究是在广州地区确诊为COVID-19的密切接触者中进行的,中国。人口特征,提取临床症状和暴露信息。采用Logistic回归分析探讨危险因素。进行限制性三次样条以检查年龄与SARS-CoV-2感染之间的剂量反应关系。
结果:在1,344名密切接触者中,二次发作率(SAR)为4.4%。家庭接触组(17.2%)的SAR最高。罕见频率接触(p<0.001)和中等频率接触(p<0.001)与较低的感染风险相关。暴露于有干咳症状的指标病例与密切接触者的感染有关(p=0.004)。与儿童相比,成人感染风险显著增加(p=0.014).年龄与感染呈线性正相关(p=0.001)。
结论:儿童可能不太容易感染COVID-19。经常接触患者和接触有咳嗽症状的患者的密切接触与感染风险增加有关。
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare the risk of infection of children with that of adults and to explore risk factors of infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) by following up close contacts of COVID-19 patients.
METHODS: The retrospective cohort study was performed among close contacts of index cases diagnosed with COVID-19 in Guangzhou,
China. Demographic characteristics, clinical symptoms and exposure information were extracted. Logistic regression analysis was employed to explore the risk factors. The restricted cubic spline was conducted to examine to the dose-response relationship between age and SARS-CoV-2 infection.
RESULTS: The secondary attack rate (SAR) was 4.4% in 1,344 close contacts. The group of household contacts (17.2%) had the highest SAR. The rare-frequency contact (p < 0.001) and moderate-frequency contact (p < 0.001) were associated with lower risk of infection. Exposure to index cases with dry cough symptoms was associated with infection in close contacts (p = 0.004). Compared with children, adults had a significantly increased risk of infection (p = 0.014). There is a linear positive correlation between age and infection (p = 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: Children are probably less susceptible to COVID-19. Close contacts with frequent contact with patients and those exposed to patients with cough symptoms are associated with an increased risk of infection.