extra virgin olive oil

特级初榨橄榄油
  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    目的:特级初榨橄榄油(EVOO)是目前质量最高的橄榄油,已被证明可以调节1型糖尿病(T1D)患者的餐后血糖。然而,EVOO是否可以预防T1D的发作仍不确定。在这项研究中,我们研究了口服EVOO对非肥胖糖尿病(NOD)小鼠T1D的潜在预防作用.
    方法:我们使用16srDNA测序分析了粪便微生物的变化,并使用超高效液相色谱和四极杆飞行时间质谱(Q-TOF-MS)分析了血清代谢物。
    结果:我们的研究结果表明,在NOD小鼠中补充EVOO可以减缓胃排空,减少胰岛炎,和延迟T1D发作。此外,EVOO改变了粪便微生物的组成,增加拟杆菌/厚壁杆菌比率,并促进短链脂肪酸(SCFA)产生细菌的生长,如叶枯病菌和Ruminococaceae_UCG-005。此外,它还增加了有益的血清代谢物,包括不饱和脂肪酸和三萜类,与SCFA产生菌增多呈正相关,与疾病指标呈负相关。相反,大多数血清脂质代谢物减少,如油酰胺,表现出相反的趋势。
    结论:我们的研究表明,EVOO可能通过调节肠道菌群和血清代谢产物来改善NOD小鼠的胰腺炎症和预防T1D的发作。
    OBJECTIVE: Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) is the highest quality olive oil available and has been shown to regulate postprandial blood glucose in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, it remains uncertain whether EVOO can prevent the onset of T1D. In this study, we investigated the potential preventive effect of orally administered EVOO on T1D in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice.
    METHODS: We analyzed changes in fecal microbes using 16 s rDNA sequencing and serum metabolites using Ultra High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (Q-TOF-MS).
    RESULTS: Our findings showed that EVOO supplementation in NOD mice slowed gastric emptying, reduced insulitis, and delayed T1D onset. Moreover, EVOO altered the composition of fecal microbes, increasing the Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio, and promoting the growth of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-producing bacteria, such as Lachnoclostridium and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005. Moreover, it also increased beneficial serum metabolites, including unsaturated fatty acid and triterpenoid, which positively correlated with the increased SCFA-producing bacteria and negatively correlated with the disease indicators. Conversely, most decreased serum lipid metabolites, such as Oleamide, showed the opposite trend.
    CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates that EVOO may ameliorate pancreas inflammation and prevent T1D onset in NOD mice by modulating gut microbiota and serum metabolites.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    食用特级初榨橄榄油(EVOO)可降低高危人群患心血管疾病的风险,而EVOO中的多酚对其具有重要的健康影响。作为EVOO中最丰富的多酚之一,油精(OLEA)具有许多健康益处。然而,没有一篇全面关注OLEA的评论文章,大多数文章都有关于OLEA的有限数据和信息。这篇综述的目的是总结所有可用研究的结果,介绍和比较OLEA提取和分离纯化的主要传统技术和新技术,阐明OLEA的吸收和代谢途径,最后,来说明促进健康的特性。希望,这篇综述可以促进OLEA在功能性食品和治疗领域的应用。
    Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) consumption reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease in high-risk groups and the polyphenols in EVOO play an important health effect on it. As one of the most abundant polyphenols in EVOO, oleacein (OLEA) has many health benefits. However, there is no review article that focus comprehensively on OLEA, and most articles have limited data and information on OLEA. The purpose of this review is to summarize the results of all available studies, to present and compare the main traditional and novel techniques for the extraction and isolation and purification of OLEA, to elucidate the absorption and metabolic pathways of OLEA, and finally, to illustrate the health-promoting properties. Hopefully, this review can promote the use of OLEA in functional foods and therapeutic fields.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    通过差示扫描量热法(DSC)研究了中国消费的特级初榨橄榄油(EVOO)的热特性,主成分分析(PCA)降维分析结合K最近邻(KNN)和支持向量机(SVM)模型用于确定油样是否为EVOO。两种模型都表现出100%区分EVOO和非EVOO的能力。此外,由于低芥酸菜籽油与EVOO的冷却曲线相似,因此对EVOO掺假的辨别测试仍然受到限制。菜籽油被人工添加到EVOO的5%,10%,收集的20%和30%的DSC测试成果在盘算机模子中检测到。两种模型都有效地确定了甚至在EVOO中掺杂了5%的菜籽油;但是,KNN(93.75%)模型的准确性远高于SVM(43.92%)。总之,DSC结合KMN模型分析更适用于EVOO的掺假检测。
    Thermal properties of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) consumed in China were investigated through differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Principal Component Analysis (PCA) dimension reduction analysis combined with K-nearest neighbors (KNN) and support vector machine (SVM) models were used to determine whether oil samples would be EVOO. Both models exhibited a 100% ability to distinguish EVOO from non-EVOO. Additionally, the discrimination test of canola oil was still limited from EVOO adulteration due to its similarity of cooling profiles with EVOO. Canola oil was artificially added into EVOO in 5%, 10%, 20% and 30% and DSC test results collected were detected in computer models. Both models effectively identified even 5% canola oil adulterated in EVOO; however, KNN (93.75%) model exhibited much higher accuracy than SVM (43.92%). In conclusion, DSC combined with KMN model analysis was more available for the adulteration detection of EVOO.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    The oral bioavailability of many phenolic acid drugs is severely limited due to the high hydrophilicity and extensive first-pass effect induced by catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) metabolism. The present study investigated the inhibitory activity of the pharmaceutical excipients of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) against COMT and evaluated the potential of a self-microemulsion loaded with a phospholipid complex containing EVOO for oral absorption enhancement of salvianolic acid B (SAB), a model phenolic acid. An in vitro COMT assay showed that EVOO could effectively inhibit enzyme activity in the rat liver cytosol. Next, the SAB phospholipid complex/self-microemulsion containing EVOO (named SP-SME1) was prepared and characterized (particle size, 243.60 ±6.96 nm and zeta potential, -23.67 ±-1.36 mV). The phospholipid complex/self-microemulsion containing ethyl oleate (EO) (named SP-SME2) was taken as the control group. Compared with free SAB, the apparent permeability coefficient (Papp value) of the two SP-SMEs significantly increased (12.0-fold and 10.90-fold). A pharmacokinetic study demonstrated that the AUC0-∞ value of SAB for the SP-SME1 group significantly increased by 4.72 and 2.82 times compared to that for free SAB (p <0.001) and SP-SME2 (p <0.01), respectively. Moreover, the AUC0-∞ value of monomethyl-SAB (metabolite of SAB, MMS) for the SP-SME1 group decreased by 0.83 times compared to that for SP-SME2. In conclusion, the EVOO-based phospholipid complex/self-microemulsion greatly enhanced the oral absorption of SAB, which was mainly attributed to the inhibition of COMT activity induced by EVOO.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) is both edible oil and health care product. Adulteration in high quality vegetable oil is a ubiquitous fraud, especially in the market of EVOO. Spectroscopy is an effective means to realize the rapid detection of adulteration in EVOO, but the accuracy of quantitative analysis is the short board of spectral detection. Traditional Raman spectroscopy is used to detect the adulteration of EVOO by analyzing the content of monounsaturated fatty acids. However, high oleic acid content is not unique to EVOO. Confocal Raman and Fluorescence Spectroscopy (CRFS) was employed to characterize EVOO along with potential adulterant oils based on their Oleic acid and photosensitive substances content. Statistical analysis of these Oleic acid and photosensitive substances using Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) allowed for a rapid approach to determine EVOO authenticity. The quantitative analysis model of adulteration in EVOO was established using this approach, and the RMSE was 0.0068, and the R-Squaredof external Prediction was 0.9996. In addition, Fluorescence quenching which interfered with the quantitative analysis of chlorophyll was found in the adulteration experiment of EVOO. Compared to traditional Raman methods, CRFS with MLR involves minimal sample preparation combined with fast analysis.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    The aim of the study was to investigate the chemical properties of the most popular commercial extra virgin olive oils (EVOOs) in China. A total of 14 EVOO samples were collected and evaluated, and significant differences were observed with respect to physicochemical properties, fatty acid composition, minor components, and the oxidation stability index (OSI). The results showed that the chemical properties of EVOOs were significantly affected by different producing areas. The oleic acid (C18:1) content (average value: 77.80%), squalene content (average value: 6052.28 mg/kg), and OSI (average value: 9.90 h) of the Spanish olive oil were higher than those of the other oils investigated, while the total phenolic content (average value: 308.34 mg/kg) was the lowest. Greek EVOOs had the lowest total sterol content (average value: 1023.48 mg/kg) and OSI (average value: 4.22 h). The C18:1 content (66.42%) and squalene content (3173.42 mg/kg) of the EVOO from China were lower than those of the other oils, while the palmitic acid (C16:0, 16.82%), linoleic acid (C18:2, 12.18%), total phenolic (553.17 mg/kg), and total sterol content (1904.77 mg/kg) were higher than those of the other olive oils. The EVOOs of the various countries could be distinguished by hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). In addition, multiple linear regression (MLR) analyses between the OSI and chemical properties revealed that squalene (R = 0.729) and the unsaturation determined by the specific UV adsorption at 232 nm (K232, R = -0.300) were the main factors to affecting the EVOO oxidation stability.
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  • 文章类型: Evaluation Study
    BACKGROUND: As extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) has high commercial value, it is routinely adulterated with other oils. The present study investigated the feasibility of rapidly identifying adulterated EVOO using low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) relaxometry and machine learning approaches (decision tree, K-nearest neighbor, linear discriminant analysis, support vector machines and convolutional neural network (CNN)).
    RESULTS: LF-NMR spectroscopy effectively distinguished pure EVOO from that which was adulterated with hazelnut oil (HO) and high-oleic sunflower oil (HOSO). The applied CNN algorithm had an accuracy of 89.29%, a precision of 81.25% and a recall of 81.25%, and enabled the rapid (2 min) discrimination of pure EVOO that was adulterated with HO and HOSO in the volumetric ratio range of 10-100%.
    CONCLUSIONS: LF-NMR coupled with the CNN algorithm is a viable candidate for rapid EVOO authentication. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    Unhealthy dietary patterns are important risk factors for metabolic syndrome (MS), which is associated with gut microbiota disorder. High oleic acid peanut oil (HOPO) and extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), considered as healthy dietary oil, are rich in oleic acid and bioactive phytochemicals, yet efficacy of MS prevention and mechanisms linking to gut microbiota remain obscure. Herein, we investigated HOPO and EVOO supplementation in attenuating diet-induced MS, and the potential mechanisms focusing on modulation of gut microbiota. Physiological, histological and biochemical parameters and gut microbiota profiles were compared among four groups fed respectively with the following diets for 12 weeks: normal chow diet with ordinary drinking water, high-fat diet with fructose drinking water, HOPO diet with fructose drinking water, and EVOO diet with fructose drinking water. HOPO or EVOO supplementation exhibit significant lower body weight gain, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and reduced liver steatosis. HOPO significantly reduced cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) level, while EVOO reduced these levels without significant difference. HOPO and EVOO prevented gut disorder and significantly increased β-diversity and abundance of Bifidobacterium. Moreover, HOPO significantly decreased abundance of Lachnospiraceae and Blautia. These findings suggest that both HOPO and EVOO can attenuate diet-induced MS, associated with modulating gut microbiota.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    The fluorescence spectra of oil samples were obtained by laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy and thermal oxidation stoichiometry at room temperature and 80 °C respectively. The Support Vector Machine, combined with Principal Component Analysis-Linear Discriminant Analysis (PCA-LDA), could distinguish pure extra virgin olive oils (EVOO) from oils adulterated with 2% soybean oil, with a recognition rate of 100%. Besides, as the intensity of the fluorescence spectra and concentration of the adulterants showed a non-linear relationship, linear dimension reduction methods may lead to overlapping of the different adulterated concentrations features, resulting in large errors in quantifying adulteration. In this paper, Kernel Principal Component Analysis-Linear Discriminant Analysis (KPCA-LDA) was applied instead of PCA-LDA to extract fluorescence spectra features, and a Partial Least Squares Regression model was established, which could quantify adulterants such as low percentages of soybean oil in EVOO. The coefficient of determination and root mean squared error were 0.92 and 2.72%, respectively.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    谷氨酸,谷氨酰胺参与能量代谢,并与心脏代谢紊乱有关。然而,它们在2型糖尿病(T2D)发展中的作用尚不清楚.这项研究的目的是研究地中海饮食对谷氨酰胺,谷氨酸,谷氨酰胺与谷氨酸的比例,以及在心血管疾病(CVD)高风险的西班牙人群中新发T2D的风险。
    本研究建立在PREDIMED试验中,采用病例队列设计,包括892名参与者,包括251例T2D病例和641例非病例。参与者(平均年龄66.3岁;女性62.8%)是非糖尿病患者,基线时CVD风险较高。在基线和干预1年后测量血浆谷氨酰胺和谷氨酸水平。基线时更高的谷氨酸水平与T2D风险增加相关,风险比(HR)为2.78(95%CI,1.43-5.41,趋势P=0.0002)。相比之下,当比较极端四分位数时,谷氨酰胺基线水平(HR:0.64,95%CI,0.36~1.12;趋势P=0.04)和谷氨酰胺与谷氨酸比值(HR:0.31,95%CI,0.16~0.57;趋势P=0.0001)与T2D风险呈负相关.两种地中海饮食(MedDiet+EVOO和MedDiet+混合坚果)在干预1年后没有改变谷氨酰胺和谷氨酸的水平。然而,MedDiet减轻了较高基线血浆谷氨酸与T2D风险之间的正相关(P=0.01)。
    在CVD高危的西班牙人群中,较高的谷氨酸水平和较低的谷氨酰胺水平与T2D风险增加相关。地中海饮食可能会减轻谷氨酰胺和谷氨酸失衡与T2D风险之间的关联。此试验在http://www上注册。controlled-trials.com,ISRCTN35739639。
    Glutamate, glutamine are involved in energy metabolism, and have been related to cardiometabolic disorders. However, their roles in the development of type-2 diabetes (T2D) remain unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of Mediterranean diet on associations between glutamine, glutamate, glutamine-to-glutamate ratio, and risk of new-onset T2D in a Spanish population at high risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD).
    The present study was built within the PREDIMED trial using a case-cohort design including 892 participants with 251 incident T2D cases and 641 non-cases. Participants (mean age 66.3 years; female 62.8%) were non diabetic and at high risk for CVD at baseline. Plasma levels of glutamine and glutamate were measured at baseline and after 1-year of intervention. Higher glutamate levels at baseline were associated with increased risk of T2D with a hazard ratio (HR) of 2.78 (95% CI, 1.43-5.41, P for trend = 0.0002). In contrast, baseline levels of glutamine (HR: 0.64, 95% CI, 0.36-1.12; P for trend = 0.04) and glutamine-to-glutamate ratio (HR: 0.31, 95% CI, 0.16-0.57; P for trend = 0.0001) were inversely associated with T2D risk when comparing extreme quartiles. The two Mediterranean diets (MedDiet + EVOO and MedDiet + mixed nuts) did not alter levels of glutamine and glutamate after intervention for 1 year. However, MedDiet mitigated the positive association between higher baseline plasma glutamate and T2D risk (P for interaction = 0.01).
    Higher levels of glutamate and lower levels of glutamine were associated with increased risk of T2D in a Spanish population at high risk for CVD. Mediterranean diet might mitigate the association between the imbalance of glutamine and glutamate and T2D risk. This trial is registered at http://www.controlled-trials.com, ISRCTN35739639.
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