谷氨酸,谷氨酰胺参与能量代谢,并与心脏代谢紊乱有关。然而,它们在2型糖尿病(T2D)发展中的作用尚不清楚.这项研究的目的是研究地中海饮食对谷氨酰胺,谷氨酸,谷氨酰胺与谷氨酸的比例,以及在心血管疾病(CVD)高风险的西班牙人群中新发T2D的风险。
本研究建立在PREDIMED试验中,采用病例队列设计,包括892名参与者,包括251例T2D病例和641例非病例。参与者(平均年龄66.3岁;女性62.8%)是非糖尿病患者,基线时CVD风险较高。在基线和干预1年后测量血浆谷氨酰胺和谷氨酸水平。基线时更高的谷氨酸水平与T2D风险增加相关,风险比(HR)为2.78(95%CI,1.43-5.41,趋势P=0.0002)。相比之下,当比较极端四分位数时,谷氨酰胺基线水平(HR:0.64,95%CI,0.36~1.12;趋势P=0.04)和谷氨酰胺与谷氨酸比值(HR:0.31,95%CI,0.16~0.57;趋势P=0.0001)与T2D风险呈负相关.两种地中海饮食(MedDiet+EVOO和MedDiet+混合坚果)在干预1年后没有改变谷氨酰胺和谷氨酸的水平。然而,MedDiet减轻了较高基线血浆谷氨酸与T2D风险之间的正相关(P=0.01)。
在CVD高危的西班牙人群中,较高的谷氨酸水平和较低的谷氨酰胺水平与T2D风险增加相关。地中海饮食可能会减轻谷氨酰胺和谷氨酸失衡与T2D风险之间的关联。此试验在http://www上注册。controlled-trials.com,ISRCTN35739639。
Glutamate, glutamine are involved in energy metabolism, and have been related to cardiometabolic disorders. However, their roles in the development of type-2 diabetes (T2D) remain unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of Mediterranean diet on associations between glutamine, glutamate, glutamine-to-glutamate ratio, and risk of new-onset T2D in a Spanish population at high risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD).
The present study was built within the PREDIMED trial using a
case-cohort design including 892 participants with 251 incident T2D cases and 641 non-cases. Participants (mean age 66.3 years; female 62.8%) were non diabetic and at high risk for CVD at baseline. Plasma levels of glutamine and glutamate were measured at baseline and after 1-year of intervention. Higher glutamate levels at baseline were associated with increased risk of T2D with a hazard ratio (HR) of 2.78 (95% CI, 1.43-5.41, P for trend = 0.0002). In contrast, baseline levels of glutamine (HR: 0.64, 95% CI, 0.36-1.12; P for trend = 0.04) and glutamine-to-glutamate ratio (HR: 0.31, 95% CI, 0.16-0.57; P for trend = 0.0001) were inversely associated with T2D risk when comparing extreme quartiles. The two Mediterranean diets (MedDiet + EVOO and MedDiet + mixed nuts) did not alter levels of glutamine and glutamate after intervention for 1 year. However, MedDiet mitigated the positive association between higher baseline plasma glutamate and T2D risk (P for interaction = 0.01).
Higher levels of glutamate and lower levels of glutamine were associated with increased risk of T2D in a Spanish population at high risk for CVD. Mediterranean diet might mitigate the association between the imbalance of glutamine and glutamate and T2D risk. This trial is registered at http://www.controlled-trials.com, ISRCTN35739639.