植物杂交是一种重要的育种技术,对于产生具有有利性状的基因型(杂种)至关重要(例如,应力耐受性,害虫抗性,高产潜力等。)增加农艺,经济和商业价值。研究人群中的遗传优势有助于确定基因作用,植物育种计划的遗传力和候选基因选择。因此,这项调查旨在评估基因作用,遗传性,水稻根系的遗传进步和杂种优势,农艺,和水分亏缺条件下的产量构成性状。在这项研究中,在四种不同的水分亏缺抗性水稻基因型之间进行杂交,以产生更好的杂种(F1),分离(F2)和回交(BC1和BC2)群体。吉萨178,WAB56-204和Sakha104×WAB56-104种群显示出更好的生理和农艺性能,这为种群对缺水状况提供了更好的适应性。此外,还研究了水稻群体某些数量性状的杂种优势和杂种优势的估算。所有研究性状的遗传都受到加性基因作用的影响。在水分充足和干旱条件下,优势基因作用在控制两个杂交种群研究性状之间的遗传变异中起着重要作用。基因相互作用的加性×加性类型对根长度的遗传至关重要,根/茎比,1000粒重量,在两种条件下,两个杂交种群的不育百分比。相反,加性×优势型基因相互作用在所有研究性状的遗传中都是有效的,除水分亏缺条件下Giza178×Sakha106的持续时间和Sakha104×WAB56-104的株高。在两个十字架上,优势×优势类型的基因相互作用在根体积的遗传中是有效的,根/茎比,两种条件下的圆锥花序数/植株数和1,000粒重。此外,优势×优势类型的基因相互作用在根长度的遗传中起着主要作用,根/植物的数量,植物高度,圆锥花序长度,两种条件下Giza178×Sakha106的籽粒/穗数和籽粒产量/植株。在两个杂交种群中研究的性状表明,在水分亏缺条件下,它们在水稻种群中显示出先进的定性和定量特征,因此表明遗传进步更好。总的来说,我们的发现为未来水稻的表型和基因型关联研究开辟了新的途径.这些见解可能对植物育种者和农民开发耐水分亏缺的水稻品种有用。
Plant hybridization is an important breeding technique essential for producing a genotype (hybrid) with favorable traits (e.g., stress tolerance, pest resistance, high yield potential etc.) to increase agronomic, economic and commercial values. Studying of genetic
dominance among the population helps to determine gene action, heritability and candidate gene selection for plant breeding program. Therefore, this investigation was aimed to evaluate gene action, heritability, genetic advance and heterosis of rice root, agronomic, and yield component traits under water deficit conditions. In this study, crossing was performed among the four different water-deficit tolerant rice genotypes to produce better hybrid (F1), segregating (F2) and back-cross (BC1 and BC2) populations. The Giza 178, WAB56-204, and Sakha104 × WAB56-104 populations showed the better physiological and agronomical performances, which provided better adaptability of the populations to water deficit condition. Additionally, the estimation of heterosis and heterobeltiosis of some quantitative traits in rice populations were also studied. The inheritance of all studied traits was influenced by additive gene actions.
Dominance gene actions played a major role in controlling the genetic variance among studied traits in both crossed populations under well-watered and drought conditions. The additive × additive type of gene interactions was essential for the inheritance of root length, root/shoot ratio, 1,000-grain weight, and sterility % of two crossed populations under both conditions. On the contrary, the additive ×
dominance type of gene interactions was effective in the inheritance of all studied traits, except duration in Giza178 × Sakha106, and plant height in Sakha104 × WAB56-104 under water deficit condition. In both crosses, the
dominance ×
dominance type of gene interactions was effective in the inheritance of root volume, root/shoot ratio, number of panicles/plant and 1,000-grain weight under both conditions. Moreover,
dominance ×
dominance type of gene interaction played a major role in the inheritance of root length, number of roots/plant, plant height, panicle length, number of filled grain/panicle and grain yield/plant in Giza178 × Sakha106 under both conditions. The studied traits in both crossed populations indicated better genetic advance as they showed advanced qualitative and quantitative characters in rice populations under water deficit condition. Overall, our findings open a new avenue of future phenotypic and genotypic association studies in rice. These insights might be useful to the plant breeders and farmers for developing water deficit tolerant rice cultivars.