目的:尿崩症(ADI)是一种危及生命的疾病。它的特征是精氨酸加压素缺乏和口渴缺失。关于ADI的临床特征的数据很少。本研究调查了住院ADI患者的临床特征。
方法:对2014年1月至2021年12月华山医院内分泌科收治的ADI患者进行回顾性研究,并与口渴正常的中央性尿崩症(CDI)患者进行比较。
结果:在研究期间,共有507名CDI住院患者,其中50例为ADI,占9.9%。40%的ADI患者因高钠血症入院,但对照组没有因高钠血症入院.ADI患者的病变更可能位于鞍上区(100%vs.66%,P<0.05)。下丘脑功能障碍的患病率较高(76%vs.8%,P<0.001),中枢甲状腺功能减退症(100%vs.90%,P=0.031),高血糖(66%vs.32%,P<0.001),血脂异常(92%vs.71%,P=0.006)和高尿酸血症(64%vs.37%,ADI组的P=0.003)高于对照组。ADI组在入院和出院时的高钠血症比例均较高(90%vs.8%,68%vs.8%,分别,两者均为P<0.001),导致更高的并发症发生率,如肾功能不全,静脉血栓形成和感染。
结论:ADI患者高钠血症的患病率较高,垂体功能减退,下丘脑功能障碍,代谢紊乱和并发症,对综合管理提出了巨大挑战。
OBJECTIVE: Adipsic diabetes insipidus (ADI) is a life-threatening disease. It is characterized by arginine vasopressin deficiency and thirst absence. Data about clinical characteristics of ADI were scarce. This study investigated the clinical features of hospitalized ADI patients.
METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted of hospitalized ADI patients admitted to the Endocrinology Department of Huashan Hospital between January 2014 and December 2021, and compared with central diabetes insipidus (CDI) patients with normal thirst.
RESULTS: During the study period, there were a total of 507 hospitalized CDI patients, among which 50 cases were ADI, accounting for 9.9%. Forty percent of ADI patients were admitted due to hypernatremia, but there were no admissions due to hypernatremia in the control group. The lesions of ADI patients were more likely to be located in the suprasellar area (100% vs 66%, P < .05). Higher prevalence of hypothalamic dysfunction (76% vs 8%, P < .001), central hypothyroidism (100% vs 90%, P = .031), hyperglycemia (66% vs 32%, P < .001), dyslipidemia (92% vs 71%, P = .006), and hyperuricemia (64% vs 37%, P = .003) was found in the ADI group than in the control group. The proportions of hypernatremia were higher in the ADI group both at admission and at discharge (90% vs 8%, 68% vs 8%, respectively, both with P < .001), contributing to higher prevalence of complications, such as renal insufficiency, venous thrombosis, and infection.
CONCLUSIONS: ADI patients were found with higher prevalence of hypernatremia, hypopituitarism, hypothalamic dysfunction, metabolic disorders, and complications, posing a great challenge for comprehensive management.