乳制品被认为与预防超重或肥胖有关,高血压,2型糖尿病(T2DM)。这些协会目前是有争议的,然而,缺乏系统的定量荟萃分析。在这项研究中,我们研究了乳制品与超重或肥胖风险之间的关联,高血压,和T2DM,并测试剂量-反应关系。我们全面搜索了PubMed,Embase,和WebofScience至2021年4月。如果乳制品消费至少在3个水平或作为连续变量报告,则包括队列研究。并评估了与超重或肥胖的关联,高血压,和T2DM。对剂量-反应关联的RRs和95%CI进行了总结估计。使用限制的三次样条来评估线性或非线性关系。在检索到的9887篇文章中,共42篇文章。对于超重或肥胖,观察到总乳制品的线性关联,牛奶,还有酸奶.风险降低了25%,7%,乳制品总量每200克/天增加12%,高脂肪乳制品,牛奶,分别,每50克/天增加13%的酸奶。对于高血压,观察到与总乳制品的非线性关联,而低脂乳制品(RR:0.94;95%CI:0.90,0.98)和牛奶(RR:0.94;95%CI:0.92,0.97)的摄入量每增加200-g/d,则呈显著负相关.对于T2DM,除牛奶和低脂乳制品外,所有类型的乳制品消费均表现出非线性关联,乳制品和酸奶的总摄入量与每200克/天和50克/天摄入量增加3%和7%的风险降低相关,分别。总之,我们的研究表明,乳制品总量与超重或肥胖的低风险相关,高血压,和T2DM,特别是牛奶和酸奶超重或肥胖,低脂乳制品和牛奶治疗高血压,和T2DM的酸奶。
Dairy products have been suggested to be related to the prevention of overweight or obesity, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). These associations are currently controversial, however, and a systematic quantitative meta-analysis is lacking. In this study, we examined the associations between
dairy products and the risk of overweight or obesity, hypertension, and T2DM and tested for dose-response relations. We comprehensively searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science up to April 2021. Cohort studies were included if dairy food consumption was reported at a minimum of 3 levels or as continuous variables, and the associations were assessed with overweight or obesity, hypertension, and T2DM. Summary RRs and 95% CIs were estimated for the dose-response association. Restricted cubic splines were used to evaluate the linear or nonlinear relations. Among the 9887 articles retrieved, 42 articles were included. For overweight or obesity, a linear association was observed for total
dairy, milk, and yogurt. The risk decreased by 25%, 7%, and 12% per 200-g/d increase for total
dairy, high-fat
dairy, and milk, respectively, and by 13% per 50-g/d increment of yogurt. For hypertension, a nonlinear association was observed with total dairy, whereas significant inverse associations were found for low-fat dairy (RR: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.90, 0.98) and milk (RR: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.92, 0.97) per 200-g/d intake increase. For T2DM, all types of
dairy food consumption except for milk and low-fat
dairy products showed nonlinear associations, with total dairy and yogurt intake associated with 3% and 7% lower risk per 200-g/d and 50-g/d intake increase, respectively. In conclusion, our study suggests that total dairy is associated with a low risk of overweight or obesity, hypertension, and T2DM, especially milk and yogurt for overweight or obesity, low-fat dairy and milk for hypertension, and yogurt for T2DM.