作为重要的生物标志物,葡萄糖在多种生理和病理过程中起着重要作用。因此,葡萄糖检测已成为电化学分析领域的一个重要方向。为了实现更方便,实时,舒适和准确的监测,基于智能手机的便携式,可穿戴和可植入的电化学葡萄糖监测正在迅速发展。在这次审查中,我们首先介绍了集成在智能手机中的技术以及这些技术在电化学葡萄糖检测中的优势。随后,这个概述说明了基于智能手机的便携式,在过去的十年(2012-2022)中,各种生物流体中的可穿戴和可植入电化学葡萄糖监测系统。具体来说,强调了一些有趣和创新的技术。在最后一节,在讨论了这一领域的挑战之后,我们提供一些未来的方向,例如先进纳米材料的应用,新颖的电源,同时检测多个标记和闭环系统。
As a vital biomarker, glucose plays an important role in multiple physiological and pathological processes. Thus, glucose detection has become an important direction in the electrochemical analysis field. In order to realize more convenient, real-time, comfortable and accurate monitoring, smartphone-based portable, wearable and implantable electrochemical glucose monitoring is progressing rapidly. In this review, we firstly introduce technologies integrated in smartphones and the advantages of these technologies in electrochemical glucose detection. Subsequently, this overview illustrates the advances of smartphone-based portable, wearable and implantable electrochemical glucose monitoring systems in diverse biofluids over the last ten years (2012-2022). Specifically, some interesting and innovative technologies are highlighted. In the last section, after discussing the challenges in this field, we offer some future directions, such as application of advanced nanomaterials, novel power sources, simultaneous detection of multiple markers and a closed-loop system.