背景:关于COVID-19与老年人群多器官并发症和死亡率风险之间长期关联的证据有限。本研究评估了这些关联。
方法:队列包括诊断为COVID-19感染的年龄≥60岁的患者(病例),2020年3月16日至2021年5月31日,来自英国生物银行(UKB队列,n=11330);2020年4月1日至2022年5月31日期间,来自香港的电子健康记录(香港队列,n=213618)。每位患者根据年龄和性别随机匹配多达10名没有感染COVID-19的个体(UKB,n=325812;香港,n=1411206),并对UKB进行了长达18个月的随访,直到2021年8月31日,截至2022年8月15日,香港队列将持续28个月。通过分层,使用基于倾向评分的边际平均权重进一步调整队列之间的特征。为了评估诊断21天后COVID-19与多器官疾病并发症和死亡率的长期相关性,采用Cox回归。
结果:患有COVID-19的老年人与心血管结局[主要心血管疾病(中风,心力衰竭和冠心病):危险比(UKB):1.4(95%置信区间:1.2,1.7),香港:1.2(95%CI:1.1,1.3)];心肌梗死:HR(UKB):1.8(95%CI:1.4,2.5),香港:1.2(95%CI:1.1,1.5)];呼吸道转归[间质性肺病:HR(UKB:3.5(95%CI:2.6,4.7),香港:6.6(95%CI:2.1,21.2);慢性肺病:HR(UKB):1.6(95%CI:1.2,2.1),香港:1.7(95%CI:1.4,2.1)];神经精神结果[癫痫发作:HR(UKB):2.7(95%CI:1.7,4.2),香港:1.8(95%CI:1.4,2.3)];和肾脏结局[急性肾脏疾病:HR(UKB):1.4(95%CI:1.1,1.6),香港:1.7(95%CI:1.4,2.1)];全因死亡率[HR(UKB):4.8(95%CI:4.4,5.4),香港:2.7(95%CI:2.6,2.8)]。
结论:COVID-19与老年人(≥60岁)多器官并发症的长期风险相关。该年龄组的感染患者可能受益于对发展这些并发症的体征/症状的适当监测。
Evidence on long-term associations between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and risks of multi-organ complications and mortality in older population is limited. This study evaluates these associations.
The cohorts included patients aged ≥60 year diagnosed with COVID-19 infection (cases), between 16 March 2020 and 31 May 2021 from the
UK Biobank; and between 01 April 2020 and 31 May 2022 from the electronic health records in Hong Kong. Each patient was randomly matched with individuals without COVID-19 infection based on year of birth and sex and were followed for up to 18 months until 31 August 2021 for UKB, and up to 28 months until 15 August 2022 for HK cohort. Patients with COVID-19 infection over 6 months after the date of last dose of vaccination and their corresponding controls were excluded from our study. Characteristics between cohorts were further adjusted with Inverse Probability Treatment Weighting. For evaluating long-term association of COVID-19 with multi-organ disease complications and mortality after 21-days of diagnosis, Cox regression was employed.
10,759 (UKB) and 165,259 (HK) older adults with COVID-19 infection with matched 291,077 (UKB) and 1,100,394 (HK) non-COVID-19-diagnosed older adults were recruited. Older adults with COVID-19 were associated with a significantly higher risk of cardiovascular outcomes [major cardiovascular disease (stroke, heart failure and coronary heart disease): hazard ratio(UKB): 1.4 (95% Confidence interval: 1.1,1.6), HK:1.2 (95% CI: 1.1,1.3)]; myocardial infarction: HR(UKB): 1.8 (95% CI: 1.3,2.4), HK:1.2 (95% CI: 1.0,1.4)]; respiratory outcomes [interstitial lung disease: HR(UKB: 3.4 (95% CI: 2.5,4.5), HK: 4.0 (95% CI: 1.3,12.8); chronic pulmonary disease: HR(UKB): 1.7 (95% CI: 1.3,2.2), HK:1.6 (95% CI: 1.3,2.1)]; neuropsychiatric outcomes [seizure: HR(UKB): 2.6 (95% CI: 1.7,4.1), HK: 1.6 (95% CI: 1.2,2.1)]; and renal outcomes [acute kidney disease: HR(UKB): 1.4 (95% CI: 1.1,1.6), HK:1.6 (95% CI: 1.3,2.1)]; and all-cause mortality [HR(UKB): 4.9 (95% CI: 4.4,5.4), HK:2.5 (95% CI: 2.5,2.6)].
COVID-19 is associated with long-term risks of multi-organ complications in older adults (aged ≥ 60). Infected patients in this age-group may benefit from appropriate monitoring of signs/symptoms for developing these complications.