中国是世界上最大的海水养殖生产国。近年来,药物和农药已广泛用于海水养殖活动;然而,大多数研究只关注有限类型的抗生素和有机氯农药的发生。全面调查海水养殖区药品和农药的发生并评估其对海洋生态系统的潜在影响至关重要。在这项研究中,事件,分布,和484种化合物的生态风险,包括296种杀虫剂,156种药物,和其他32种物质,对养殖池和筏养殖区的排水沟进行了调查。在海水养殖区共检测到51种化合物,每个采样点的总浓度范围为5.4×102至2.0×104ng/L。11种杀虫剂,三种药物,检测频率为100%。聚类分析表明,海水养殖是沿海水域除草剂污染的来源。为了评估检测到的化合物的生态风险,使用从数据库收集的毒性数据和定量构效关系(QSAR)模型预测的毒性数据来计算风险商和概率风险.根据风险商数,五种污染物,包括Diuron,ametryn,prometryne,simetryn,和terbutryn,估计对海洋生物构成高风险。概率风险评估的结果表明,只有diuron,一种用于防污涂料和海水养殖的杀菌剂,将对近岸地区多达8%的水生物种产生不利影响。这些发现有助于确定海水养殖排放中农药和药品的水生基准,以促进沿海地区海水养殖和生态保护的可持续发展。
China is the largest mariculture producer in the world. In recent years, pharmaceuticals and pesticides have been widely used in mariculture activities; however, most studies have only focused on the occurrence of limited types of antibiotics and organochlorine pesticides. It is critical to comprehensively investigate the occurrence of pharmaceuticals and pesticides in mariculture areas and assess their potential impacts on ocean ecosystems. In this study, the occurrence, distribution, and ecological risk of 484 compounds, including 296 pesticides, 156 pharmaceuticals, and 32 other substances, in the drainage ditches of culture ponds and raft-culture areas were investigated. A total of 51 compounds were detected in the mariculture area, with total concentrations ranging from 5.4 × 102 to 2.0 × 104 ng/L at each sampling site. Eleven pesticides, three pharmaceuticals, and five other compounds were detected with detection frequencies of 100%. The cluster analysis indicated that mariculture is a source of herbicide pollution in coastal waters. To assess the ecological risks of the detected compounds, toxicity data collected from the database and predicted from quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) models were used to calculate the risk quotients and probabilistic risks. According to the risk quotients, five pollutants, including diuron, ametryn, prometryne, simetryn, and terbutryn, were estimated to pose high risks to marine organisms. The results of the probabilistic risk assessment indicated that only diuron, a biocide used in antifouling paint and mariculture, would have an adverse effect on up to 8% of the aquatic species in nearshore areas. These findings could be helpful in determining the aquatic benchmarks of pesticides and pharmaceuticals in mariculture discharge to promote the sustainable development of mariculture and ecological protection in coastal areas.