Abstract:
Water quality criteria (WQC) for the protection of aquatic organisms mainly focus on the maximum threshold values of the pollutants that do not have harmful effects on aquatic organisms. The WQC value is the result obtained based on scientific experiments in the laboratory and data fitting extrapolation and is the limit of the threshold value of pollutants or other harmful factors in the water environment. Until now, many studies have been carried out on WQC for the protection of aquatic organisms internationally, and several countries have also issued their own relevant technical guidelines. Thus, the WQC method for the protection of aquatic organisms has been basically formed, with species sensitivity distribution (SSD) as the main method and the assessment factor (AF) as the auxiliary method. In addition, in terms of the case studies on WQC, many scholars have conducted relevant case studies on various pollutants. At the national level, several countries have also released WQC values for typical pollutants. This study systematically discusses the general situation, theoretical methodology and research progress of WQC for the protection of aquatic organisms, and deeply analyzes the key scientific issues that need to be considered in the research of WQC. Furthermore, combined with the specific characteristics of the emerging pollutants, some new ideas and directions for future WQC research for the protection of aquatic organisms are also proposed.
摘要:
保护水生生物的水质标准(WQC)主要关注对水生生物没有有害影响的污染物的最大阈值。WQC值是根据实验室的科学实验和数据拟合外推获得的结果,是水环境中污染物或其他有害因素阈值的极限。直到现在,国际上已经对WQC进行了许多研究,以保护水生生物,一些国家也发布了自己的相关技术准则。因此,基本形成了保护水生生物的WQC方法,以物种敏感性分布(SSD)为主要方法,以评估因子(AF)为辅助方法。此外,就WQC的案例研究而言,许多学者对各种污染物进行了相关的案例研究。在国家一级,一些国家也发布了典型污染物的WQC值。本研究系统地讨论了总体情况,WQC保护水生生物的理论方法和研究进展,深入分析了WQC研究中需要考虑的关键科学问题。此外,结合新兴污染物的具体特征,提出了未来WQC研究对水生生物保护的新思路和方向。