Irgarol1051,diuron的危害评估,2-(硫氰酸甲硫基)苯并噻唑(TCMTB),二氯辛基异噻唑啉(DCOIT),百菌清,二氟甲烷,硫兰,吡啶硫酮锌,吡啶硫酮铜,三苯基硼烷吡啶(TPBP),辣椒素,nonivamide,进行曲洛普利和美托咪定以建立稳健的环境质量标准(EQS),基于预测的无效应浓度(PNEC)。微藻,浮游动物,鱼类和两栖动物是对所有评估的防污剂最敏感的生态群体,尤其是在生命的早期阶段。淡水和海水物种之间没有差异。鼓励使用非标准物种的毒性测试,因为它们增加了数据集,允许从基于概率的PNEC导出EQS,同时减少不确定性。三丁基锡(TBT)的全球禁令已被宣布为一项重大的环境成功;然而,替代防污剂也可能对水生生态系统构成风险。环境风险评估(ERA)推动了防污产品监管的决策,但是在许多国家,仍然缺乏对防污杀生物剂的监管,这应该得到解决。
Hazard assessments of Irgarol 1051, diuron, 2-(thiocyanomethylthio)benzothiazole (TCMTB), dichloro-octylisothiazolin (DCOIT), chlorothalonil, dichlofluanid, thiram, zinc pyrithione, copper pyrithione, triphenylborane pyridine (TPBP), capsaicin, nonivamide, tralopyril and medetomidine were performed to establish robust environmental quality standards (EQS), based on predicted no effect concentrations (PNECs). Microalgae, zooplankton, fish and amphibians were the most sensitive ecological groups to all the antifoulants evaluated, especially in the early life stages. No differences were identified between freshwater and seawater species. The use of toxicity tests with non-standard species is encouraged because they increase the datasets, allowing EQS to be derived from probabilistic-based PNECs whilst reducing uncertainties. The global ban of tributyltin (TBT) has been heralded as a major environmental success; however, substitute antifoulants may also pose risks to aquatic ecosystems. Environmental risk assessments (ERAs) have driven decision-makings for regulating antifouling products, but in many countries there is still a lack of regulation of antifouling biocides which should be addressed.