背景:晚期器官衰竭(AOF)患者的照顾者经历了巨大的照顾负担。社会资本利用社区的内部力量来支持其成员,并可能为护理人员提供全面的支持。本研究旨在从利益相关者的角度确定可以支持AOF患者护理人员的社会资本的不同来源。
方法:从2021年4月至2022年5月在社区环境中进行了描述性定性研究。医务社会工作部门的利益相关者,自助团体,招募了非政府组织,而一些社区成员通过在线媒体平台被邀请。个人半结构化访谈是使用访谈指南进行的。采用定性描述方法对访谈笔录进行了分析。总的来说,98个利益相关者,包括25名看护者,25名患者,24名专业人士,和24个社区成员,是使用目的性和雪球抽样招募的。
结果:出现了关于照顾者的社会资本的六个类别,即,照顾者属性,社区,社会关怀服务,医疗保健服务,信息,和政策。虽然照顾者的属性及其与照顾者的关系对照顾有重大影响,来自社区不同群体的支持,比如邻居和雇主,是有价值的。有人强调,照顾者和其他利益攸关方对护理和社会服务信息的良好沟通是有帮助的。虽然护理人员需要各种医疗保健和社会护理服务,这些服务的几个特点,包括他们以人为中心和积极主动的接触,被认为是有用的。在社会层面,有必要提供全面支持服务的政策和研究。不同的社会资本来源构成了社区的多层次支持系统。
结论:照顾者可以利用个人属性,人际关系,社区资源,和社会环境来加强他们的照顾。虽然该系统可以作为建立照顾者友好社区的框架,可能需要采取干预措施来加强社会资本的某些方面。
BACKGROUND: Carers of patients with advanced organ failure (AOF) experience a tremendous caregiving burden. Social capital utilizes the internal strength of a community to support its members and may provide carers with comprehensive support. This study aimed to identify the different sources of social capital that can support carers of patients with AOF from the perspectives of stakeholders.
METHODS: A descriptive qualitative study was conducted in community settings from April 2021 to May 2022. Stakeholders from medical social work departments, self-help groups, and non-governmental organizations were recruited, while some community members were invited through online media platforms. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted using an interview guide. Interview transcripts were analyzed using a qualitative description approach. In total, 98 stakeholders, including 25 carers, 25 patients, 24 professionals, and 24 community members, were recruited using purposive and snowball sampling.
RESULTS: Six categories about social capital for carers emerged, namely, carer attributes, the community, social care services, healthcare services, information, and policies. While the attributes of carers and their relationships with care recipients had a significant influence on caregiving, support from different groups in the community, such as neighbors and employers, was valued. Good communication of information about caregiving and social services was emphasized as being helpful by carers and other stakeholders. While carers presented a need for various healthcare and social care services, several features of these services, including their person-centeredness and proactive reach, were deemed useful. At the societal level, policies and research on comprehensive supportive services are warranted. The different sources of social capital constitute a multi-layer support system in the community.
CONCLUSIONS: Carers can utilize personal attributes, interpersonal relationships, community resources, and societal contexts to enhance their caregiving. While this system can serve as a framework for building carer-friendly communities, interventions may be required to strengthen some aspects of social capital.