Social Work

社会工作
  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    技术正在改变许多受监管专业的服务提供和实践,改变所需的技能,实践范围,和专业工作的组织。专业监管机构面临着巨大的压力,要求其促进基于技术的工作,同时适应其实践和程序的数字变化。然而,我们对监管机构如何应对技术驱动的风险以及技术对监管政策的影响的理解是有限的。为了研究技术和数字化对监管的影响,我们对护理监管机构进行了探索性案例研究,法律,安大略省的社会工作,加拿大。在两个阶段收集数据。首先,我们从监管机构的网站和监管财团收集文件。第二,我们对每个监管机构的两名代表进行了关键的线人采访。对数据进行了主题分析,以探索技术变革对监管活动和政策的影响,并比较监管结构和领域如何影响这种影响。在我们的分析中确定了五个主题:平衡效率潜力与某些技术进步的风险;通过数据分析改善监管的潜力;考虑如何监管技术胜任的劳动力;重新校准涉及技术的大流行应急措施;并在监管政策和实践中考虑技术的未来。监管机构在提供基于股权的方法来监管虚拟实践方面面临着持续的挑战,确保从业人员有技术能力,并利用监管数据为决策提供信息。加拿大和国际上的政策制定者和监管机构应优先考虑风险平衡政策,指导方针,和实践标准,以支持数字时代的专业实践。
    Technology is transforming service delivery and practice in many regulated professions, altering required skills, scopes of practice, and the organization of professional work. Professional regulators face considerable pressure to facilitate technology-enabled work while adapting to digital changes in their practices and procedures. However, our understanding of how regulators are responding to technology-driven risks and the impact of technology on regulatory policy is limited. To examine the impact of technology and digitalization on regulation, we conducted an exploratory case study of the regulatory bodies for nursing, law, and social work in Ontario, Canada. Data were collected over two phases. First, we collected documents from the regulators\' websites and regulatory consortiums. Second, we conducted key informant interviews with two representatives from each regulator. Data were thematically analyzed to explore the impact of technological change on regulatory activities and policies and to compare how regulatory structure and field shape this impact. Five themes were identified in our analysis: balancing efficiency potential with risks of certain technological advances; the potential for improving regulation through data analytics; considering how to regulate a technologically competent workforce; recalibrating pandemic emergency measures involving technology; and contemplating the future of technology on regulatory policy and practice. Regulators face ongoing challenges with providing equity-based approaches to regulating virtual practice, ensuring practitioners are technologically competent, and leveraging regulatory data to inform decision-making. Policymakers and regulators across Canada and internationally should prioritize risk-balanced policies, guidelines, and practice standards to support professional practice in the digital era.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    跨性别老年人有很长的排斥历史,这塑造了当前社会服务的经验。然而,很少的老年学研究使用档案数据,它可以为服务提供商提供关键上下文。此外,稀疏的研究探讨了排斥如何成为社会工作者可以利用的变革的催化剂。赋权理论提供了一个理论工具来解释这是如何可能的。本多学科案例研究融合了社区成员访谈和档案数据来回答这个问题:排斥如何塑造跨性别美国人的赋权和社会变革?这项研究侧重于康普顿自助餐厅骚乱之前和之后的事件,LGBTQIA+集体抵抗的第一批行为之一,导致了为跨性别美国人提供新服务。数据揭示了排斥如何促进旧金山跨性别妇女和酷儿青年集体赋权的出现。档案数据显示了排斥是如何先于自我效能感的,批判意识,参与类似的其他人,获得新技能,并最终采取行动消除社会,经济,政治障碍和权力失衡。这项研究提供了经验和理论工具,为跨性别排斥和赋权及其对服务跨性别老年人的社会工作者的影响提供了新的数据和观点。
    Transgender older adults have a long history of exclusion that shapes current experiences with social services. However, scant gerontological research uses archival data, which can provide critical context for service providers. Moreover, sparse research examines how exclusion can be a catalyst for change that social workers could leverage. Empowerment theory provides a theoretical tool to explain how this is possible. This multidisciplinary case study blends community member interviews and archival data to answer this question: How did exclusion shape empowerment and social change for transgender Americans? This study focuses on the events before and after the Compton\'s Cafeteria Riot, one of the first acts of LGBTQIA+ collective resistance that led to new services for and by transgender Americans. Data reveal how exclusion facilitated the emergence of collective empowerment among transgender women and queer youth in San Francisco. Archival data shows how exclusion preceded self-efficacy, critical consciousness, involvement with similar others, acquisition of new skills, and ultimately action to eliminate social, economic, and political barriers and power imbalances. This study provides both empirical and theoretical tools to contribute new data and perspectives on trans exclusion and empowerment and its implications for social workers serving transgender older adults.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    背景:患有严重多发性硬化症(PwsMS)的人面临复杂的需求和日常限制,这使得获得最佳护理具有挑战性。卫生保健的实施和协调,社会服务,对于PwsMS和护理人员来说,财务方面的支持可能特别耗时和繁重。护理和病例管理(CCM)有助于确保最佳的个人护理以及更高层次的护理。当前定性研究的目标是确定PwsMS的经验,CCM的护理人员和医疗保健专家(HCS)。
    方法:在当前的定性子研究中,作为更大审判的一部分,对PwsMS进行深入的半结构化访谈,在2022年2月2日至2023年1月2日期间,对与CCM有接触的护理人员和HCS进行了治疗.数据被转录,假名,测试饱和度,并根据Kuckartz使用结构化内容分析进行分析。对社会人口统计学和访谈特征进行了描述性分析。
    结果:十三个PwsMS,12名护理人员和10名HCS完成了访谈。CCM函数的主要类别是演绎的:(1)看门人函数,(2)经纪人功能,(3)宣传功能,(4)对CCM标准护理的展望。然后从访谈材料中归纳地得出子类别。对852段进行了编码。与会者赞赏CCM作为一个持续和客观的联系人,信托人(92码),有能力的信息和建议来源(关于MS)(68个代码)和全面的交叉保险支持(128个代码),缓解和支持PwsMS,他们的护理人员和HCSs(67个代码)。
    结论:通过跨部门持续支持与健康相关的工作,社会,财务和日常官僚事务,CCM为PwsMS提供全面和压倒一切的支持和救济,护理人员和HCS。这种干预有可能被微调并应用于类似的复杂患者组。
    背景:该研究得到了科隆大学伦理委员会的批准(#20-1436),根据赫尔辛基宣言,在德国临床研究注册中心(DRKS00022771)注册。
    BACKGROUND: Persons with severe Multiple Sclerosis (PwsMS) face complex needs and daily limitations that make it challenging to receive optimal care. The implementation and coordination of health care, social services, and support in financial affairs can be particularly time consuming and burdensome for both PwsMS and caregivers. Care and case management (CCM) helps ensure optimal individual care as well as care at a higher-level. The goal of the current qualitative study was to determine the experiences of PwsMS, caregivers and health care specialists (HCSs) with the CCM.
    METHODS: In the current qualitative sub study, as part of a larger trial, in-depth semi-structured interviews with PwsMS, caregivers and HCSs who had been in contact with the CCM were conducted between 02/2022 and 01/2023. Data was transcribed, pseudonymized, tested for saturation and analyzed using structuring content analysis according to Kuckartz. Sociodemographic and interview characteristics were analyzed descriptively.
    RESULTS: Thirteen PwsMS, 12 caregivers and 10 HCSs completed interviews. Main categories of CCM functions were derived deductively: (1) gatekeeper function, (2) broker function, (3) advocacy function, (4) outlook on CCM in standard care. Subcategories were then derived inductively from the interview material. 852 segments were coded. Participants appreciated the CCM as a continuous and objective contact person, a person of trust (92 codes), a competent source of information and advice (on MS) (68 codes) and comprehensive cross-insurance support (128 codes), relieving and supporting PwsMS, their caregivers and HCSs (67 codes).
    CONCLUSIONS: Through the cross-sectoral continuous support in health-related, social, financial and everyday bureaucratic matters, the CCM provides comprehensive and overriding support and relief for PwsMS, caregivers and HCSs. This intervention bears the potential to be fine-tuned and applied to similar complex patient groups.
    BACKGROUND: The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of Cologne (#20-1436), registered at the German Register for Clinical Studies (DRKS00022771) and in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    本文分析了无家可归者(HP)获得健康和社会保护政策以及量身定制的部门间护理的机会,包括紧急措施,在贝洛奥里藏特(BH)的COVID-19大流行期间,米纳斯吉拉斯州首府,巴西。它旨在提供有关HP的数据,并在此卫生紧急情况下评估针对弱势群体的现有公共政策。
    该研究采用了混合方法设计,并对定量和定性数据进行了三角测量。
    社会制图显示,在大流行的最初几个月,卫生行政部门很难重新安排卫生系统,它经历了协议的不断更新,但在过去的几个月里得到了巩固。研究中收集的证据表明,波黑市的重要紧急干预措施涉及促进惠普获得服务供应的活动。
    不能排除对惠普部门间护理的国家指导方针的存在是积极的影响,尽管市政当局负责实施。重要的是,卫生紧急情况对于加强卫生和社会保护服务之间的关系是必要的。巡回服务是证据最积极的服务之一,最不需要在地方一级复制基础设施。此外,各种部门间服务的临时供应,在有组织的民间社会提供日间庇护所的同时,被认为是在紧急阶段扩大和加强惠普护理网络的关键因素。有计划在将来继续和扩展此模型。该研究得出的结论是,了解影响惠普的部门间变量有助于更好地针对干预措施进行投资,这些干预措施可以解决这些问题的根本原因或提高健康和社会保护系统的有效性。
    The article analyzed homeless people\'s (HP) access to health and social protection policies and tailored inter-sector care, including emergency measures, during the COVID-19 pandemic in Belo Horizonte (BH), capital of Minas Gerais state, Brazil. It intended to provide data on HP and evaluate existing public policies focused on vulnerable populations during this health emergency.
    The study adopted a mixed-methods design with triangulation of quantitative and qualitative data.
    Social cartography showed that in the early months of the pandemic, the health administration had difficulty reordering the health system, which experienced constant updates in the protocols but was nevertheless consolidated over the months. The evidence collected in the study showed that important emergency interventions in the municipality of BH involved activities that facilitated access by HP to the supply of services.
    The existence of national guidelines for inter-sector care for HP cannot be ruled out as a positive influence, although the municipalities are responsible for their implementation. Significantly, a health emergency was necessary to intensify the relationship between health and social protection services. Roving services were among those with the greatest positive evidence, with the least need for infrastructure to be replicated at the local level. In addition, the temporary supply of various inter-sector services, simultaneously with the provision of day shelters by organized civil society, was considered a key factor for expanding and intensifying networks of care for HP during the emergency phase. A plan exists to continue and expand this model in the future. The study concluded that understanding the inter-sector variables that impact HP contributes to better targeting of investments in interventions that work at the root causes of these issues or that increase the effectiveness of health and social protection systems.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    集体效能是社会凝聚力作为非正式社会控制被激活的过程。相互功效,社区的感知能力,中介这两种结构之间的关系。基于集体效能的干预措施对个人有积极影响,但影响更广泛社区的能力有限。对此发现的可能解释是,社区层面的理论在个人和社区层面的运作方式不同。本研究通过检验社会凝聚力的多层次因素结构,为文献做出了贡献。相互功效,非正式的社会控制。研究结果表明,多因素结构表现出足够的模型拟合。然而,三因素模型最符合社会工作理论和实践。社会工作者可以促进建设性对话,以建立社会凝聚力,真正地让居民建立相互效能,并培训居民建立非正式社会控制所需的技能。
    Collective efficacy is the process by which social cohesion is activated as informal social control. Mutual efficacy, the perceived capability of the community, mediates the relationship between the two constructs. Interventions based on collective efficacy have a positive impact on individuals but are limited in their ability to affect the broader community. A possible explanation for this finding is that community-level theories operate differently at the individual and neighborhood levels. The present study contributes to the literature by testing the multilevel factor structure of social cohesion, mutual efficacy, and informal social control. Findings suggest that multiple-factor structures demonstrate adequate model fit. However, the three-factor model is most consistent with social work theory and practice. Social workers can foster constructive dialogue to build social cohesion, authentically engage residents to build mutual efficacy, and train residents in skills necessary to institute informal social control.
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  • 文章类型: Case Reports
    暂无摘要。
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    基于价值的支付模型可以通过以医疗服务质量为目标来改善患者健康。通过确定和解决患者健康的社会决定因素,初级医疗机构的社会工作者处于有利地位,可以提高弱势患者的医疗服务质量。本案例研究描述了由社会工作者实施和完善的PlanDoStudyAct(PDSA)质量改进方法,以主动解决一种家庭医学实践中的临床质量差距。这项名为GapClosureDay的研究计划由一组社会工作者领导,旨在提高患者的质量。调查结果强调了社会工作者作为卫生保健团队成员在提高卫生服务质量和解决卫生公平方面的重要作用。
    Value-based payment models may improve patient health by targeting quality of care over quantity of health services. Social workers in primary care settings are well-positioned to improve the quality of health services for vulnerable patients by identifying and addressing patients\' social determinants of health. This case study describes a Plan Do Study Act (PDSA) quality improvement approach implemented and refined by social workers to proactively address clinical quality gaps in one family medicine practice. The studied program - entitled Gap Closure Day - was led by a team of social workers to improve quality outcomes of patients. Findings highlight the important roles of social workers as members of health care teams to improve the quality of health services and address health equity.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    在将健康概念化时,口腔健康在很大程度上被忽视了,在口腔健康环境中负责解决健康的社会决定因素(SDOH)的劳动力很少受到关注。虽然社会工作在口腔健康中的作用仍然有限,最近的增长表明了其在牙科教育中的作用。本文介绍了如何将社会工作实施到美国一所牙科学校以解决SDOH的案例研究,并提供了将社会工作纳入牙科教育的路线图,包括与SDOH相关的跨专业医疗保健经验的机会。
    Oral health has been largely overlooked in conceptualizing health, and the workforce responsible for addressing the Social Determinants of Health (SDOH) within oral health settings has received little attention. While the role for social work in oral health has remained limited, there has been recent growth articulating its role in dental education. This paper presents a case study of how social work has been implemented into one school of dentistry in the U.S. to address SDOH and offers a roadmap for integration of social work into dental education, including opportunities for interprofessional health care experiences related to SDOH.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    Supervised consumption services have been scaled up within Canada and internationally as an ethical imperative in the context of a public health emergency. A large body of peer-reviewed evidence demonstrates that these services prevent poisoning deaths, reduce infectious disease transmission risk behaviour, and facilitate clients\' connections to other health and social services. In 2019, the Alberta government commissioned a review of the socioeconomic impacts of seven supervised consumption services in the province. The report is formatted to appear as an objective, scientifically credible evaluation of these services; however, it is fundamentally methodologically flawed, with a high risk of biases that critically undermine its authors\' assessment of the scientific evidence. The report\'s findings have been used to justify decisions that jeopardize the health and well-being of people who use drugs both in Canada and internationally. Governments must ensure that future assessments of supervised consumption services and other public health measures to address drug poisoning deaths are scientifically sound and methodologically rigorous. Health policy must be based on the best available evidence, protect the right of structurally vulnerable populations to access healthcare, and not be contingent on favourable public opinion or prevailing political ideology.
    RéSUMé: Les services de consommation supervisée ont été établis au Canada et à l’étranger en tant qu’impératif éthique dans le contexte d’une urgence de santé publique. Un grand nombre d’études rigoureuses démontrent que ces services préviennent les décès par empoisonnement, réduisent les comportements à risque de transmission de maladies infectieuses, et facilitent les liens avec d’autres services sociaux et de santé. En 2019, le gouvernement de l’Alberta a commandé un examen des impacts socioéconomiques de sept services de consommation supervisée dans la province. La présentation du rapport donne l’impression que l’évaluation de ces services est objective et scientifiquement crédible; cependant, il présente des faiblesses importantes au plan méthodologique, notamment en raison de la présence de biais qui compromet l’évaluation des preuves scientifiques. Ses conclusions ont été utilisées pour justifier des décisions qui mettent en péril la santé et le bien-être des personnes qui consomment des drogues, tant au Canada qu’à l’étranger. Les gouvernements doivent s’assurer que les futures évaluations des services de consommation supervisée et d’autres mesures de santé publique pour lutter contre les décès par empoisonnement dû aux drogues sont scientifiquement fondées. Les politiques en matière de santé doivent être basées sur les meilleures données disponibles, protéger les droits des populations structurellement vulnérables à accéder aux soins de santé, et ne pas dépendre de l’opinion publique ou d’une idéologie politique dominante.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    在社会工作文献中,没有已知的已发表的实证研究调查了与目标相关的反馈,寻求对人类服务案例管理者的直接或间接影响。因此,这项实地调查研究试图填补现有文献中的这一空白,使用纽约州的两个不同的县级人力服务案例管理者样本。
    对463名公共援助和349名儿童福利案例管理人员进行了调查,以测试与目标相关的反馈寻求的主要和接收与目标相关的反馈对内部工作动机的中介作用。
    来自每个样本的数据证实了这两种类型的影响。
    作为第一个发现这两组发现的人,这项实地调查研究为社会工作和寻求反馈的文献做出了独特的贡献。
    UNASSIGNED: No known published empirical study in the social work literature has investigated goal-related feedback seeking\'s direct or indirect impact on human service case managers. Consequently, this field survey study sought to fill this gap in the extant literature using two different samples of county-based human service case managers across the state of New York.
    UNASSIGNED: Four hundred and sixty-three public assistance and 349 child welfare case managers were surveyed in order to test goal-related feedback seeking\'s main and receiving goal-related feedback\'s mediating effect on internal work motivation.
    UNASSIGNED: Data from each sample confirmed both types of effects.
    UNASSIGNED: As the first to uncover these two sets of findings, this field survey study makes a unique contribution to the social work and feedback seeking literatures.
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