目的:本研究旨在重新调查建筑工人经验对危险识别绩效的影响的心理机制,具有信号检测理论(SDT)和脑电图(EEG)读数。
背景:关于建筑业中经验对危险识别性能的影响的现有证据仍然不一致。行为明智,识别主要危险识别因素(灵敏度或响应偏差,或两者)将有助于确定适当的培训策略,以提高危险识别能力。在神经反应方面,诱导的伽马带活动预计将反映认知功能介导的心理影响的经验。
方法:77名建筑工人参加了预先设计的危险识别任务,参与者从一系列施工场景图片中判断是否存在危险。我们计算并比较了两个经验水平组的SDT的灵敏度和响应偏差以及记录的EEG信号的时频表示。
结果:新手工人具有更高的危害识别率。行为明智,新手比经验丰富的工人更敏感。与经验丰富的工人相比,在危险识别过程中,新手在左额叶和右后顶叶区域显示出较强的伽马带差功率(危险减去安全)。
结论:新手在风险识别方面表现更好,表明他们对危险的敏感性,而反应偏差没有明显差异。根据脑电图数据,新手的敏感性可能归因于更有效的工作记忆和注意力控制。
结论:有经验的工人需要持续更新危险识别技能,以进行安全干预。
OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to reinvestigate psychological mechanisms of the influence of construction workers\' experience on hazard recognition performance, with signal detection theory (SDT) and electroencephalogram (EEG) readings.
BACKGROUND: Existing evidence regarding the effect of experience on hazard recognition performance in the construction industry remains inconsistent. Behavior-wise, identification of dominant hazard recognition factors (sensitivity or response bias, or both) would help determine appropriate training strategies to improve hazard recognition. In terms of neuro-responses, induced gamma-band activity was expected to reflect the cognitive functions mediating the psychological effects of experience.
METHODS: Seventy-seven construction workers participated in a predesigned hazard recognition task, in which participants judged whether a hazard was present from a series of construction scenario pictures. We computed and compared the sensitivity and response bias of SDT and time-frequency representations of recorded EEG signals of the two experience-level groups.
RESULTS: Novice workers had higher hazard recognition rates. Behavior-wise, novices were more sensitive than more experienced workers. Compared with experienced workers, novices showed stronger gamma-band difference power (hazardous minus safe) in the left frontal and right posterior parietal areas during the hazard recognition process.
CONCLUSIONS: Novices performed better at hazard recognition, indicating their sensitivity to the hazards without a clear difference in response bias. Based on the EEG data, novices\' sensitivity may be attributed to more efficient working memory and attentional control.
CONCLUSIONS: There is a need for continuous refreshment of hazard recognition skills for experienced workers for safety interventions.