背景:被诊断为精神分裂症的人在自我监测中具有潜在的认知缺陷(即,确定自我产生行为的来源)。这项研究旨在调查精神分裂症的自我监控缺陷是由于对外部感知的认知反应偏见还是由于想象和执行行为的可判别性降低所致。我们假设精神分裂症患者的自我监测缺陷主要是由自下而上的过程驱动的,导致区分内部产生的行为的能力受损,而不是对所执行行为的认知反应偏见。
方法:我们招募了333名参与者,包括192名精神分裂症患者和141名健康对照者。作为动作记忆任务的一部分,参与者被指示想象或身体执行36种不同的动作,其中一半是象形图,一半是文字。在测试阶段,参与者表明他们是否执行或想象了每个动作,无论是出现在文本还是象形图中,或者这是否是一个新的行动。利用信号检测理论,该研究主要分析了在辨别性和反应偏倚方面的群体差异.
结果:精神分裂症患者的自我监测错误明显多于健康对照组。这主要是由于灵敏度大大降低,但不是回应偏见。而识别记忆错误是由较低的灵敏度和响应偏差驱动的。
结论:研究结果表明,精神分裂症患者的自我监测因想象和执行事件的辨别能力受损以及无法通过调整决策阈值来适当补偿而受到损害。讨论了自下而上和自上而下的认知机制的作用。
BACKGROUND: People diagnosed with schizophrenia share underlying cognitive deficits in self-monitoring (i.e., identifying the source of self-generated behaviours). This
study aimed to investigate whether self-monitoring deficits in schizophrenia are due to a cognitive response bias towards external perceptions or a reduced discriminability of imagined and performed actions. We hypothesised that self-monitoring deficits in individuals with schizophrenia are primarily driven by bottom-up processes, leading to a compromised ability to discriminate between internally generated behaviours as opposed to a cognitive response bias towards performed actions.
METHODS: We recruited 333 participants, including 192 with schizophrenia and 141 healthy controls. As part of the Action-Memory Task, participants were instructed to either imagine or physically perform 36 different actions, half of which were presented as pictograms and half as text. In the test phase, participants indicated whether they had performed or imagined each action, whether it appeared in text or pictogram, or whether it was a new action. Using Signal Detection Theory, the
study primarily analysed group differences in discriminability and response-bias.
RESULTS: Participants with schizophrenia made significantly more self-monitoring errors than healthy controls. This was primarily due to significantly lower sensitivity, but not a response bias. Whereas recognition memory errors were driven by both lower sensitivity and a response bias.
CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that self-monitoring in schizophrenia was specifically impaired by a compromised discriminability of imagined and performed events and an inability to appropriately compensate by adjusting decision-thresholds. Implications on the role of bottom-up and top-down cognitive mechanisms are discussed.