■中国发布并实施了一系列政策,旨在预防和控制针对执业医生的工作场所暴力(WPV)。然而,WPV的流行尚未得到根本遏制。这项研究的目的是介绍WPV的患病率,找出其影响因素,并提出应对措施。
■在线中国医师执业调查于2022年1月至2022年6月在中国执业医师中采用目的抽样方法进行。数据涵盖持牌医生的社会人口统计学特征,职业特征,WPV的患病率,以及有效对策的感知。
■共有74,305名有执照的医生参加了这项研究。共有44.88%的受访者曾经历过WPV,其中,仅身体暴力(1.06%)或非身体暴力(89.91%)或同时遭遇这两种暴力(9.03%)。年龄,性别,婚姻状况,教育水平,职称和注册类型都与WPV相关,更年轻,未婚,受过更多的教育,和更高的职称都是WPV的风险因素。男性(OR=1.396,95CI%:1.355至1.439),临床医生(OR=1.342,95CI:1.177至1.529),单身人士(OR=1.174,95CI:1.111至1.241),具有硕士学位(OR=2.021,95CI:1.739至2.349)和职称以下(OR=1.194,95CI:1.125至1.267)的人最有可能发生WPV。WPV主要发生在省会城市,公立医院,基层医院和社区医院,和内科,手术,儿科,急诊医学和心理健康。总的来说,44.24%的医生认为加强对犯罪行为的打击是防止WPV对医护人员的最有效措施。
■相关法律和政策实施后,WPV的频率下降。今后应加大对违法犯罪活动的打击力度,并针对医生发布关于预防和控制WPV的具体法律规定。
China has issued and implemented a series of policies aimed at preventing and controlling workplace violence (WPV) against licensed doctors. However, the prevalence of WPV has not been fundamentally curbed. The aim of this study was to present the prevalence of WPV, identify its influencing factors and propose responsive measures.
The online Chinese Physician Practice Survey was conducted with purposive sampling method among licensed doctors in
China from January 2022 to June 2022. Data covered licensed doctors\' sociodemographic characteristics, occupational characteristics, prevalence of WPV, and perception of effective countermeasures.
A total of 74,305 licensed doctors participated in this study. A total of 44.88% of respondents had experienced WPV, among them, either physical violence only (1.06%) or non-physical violence only (89.91%) or encountered both of them (9.03%). Age, gender, marital status, education level, professional title and registration type were all associated with WPV, being younger, non-married, more educated, and higher professional title are all risk factors for WPV. Male (OR = 1.396, 95CI%: 1.355 to 1.439), clinicians (OR = 1.342,95%CI: 1.177 to 1.529), who were single (OR = 1.174, 95%CI: 1.111 to 1.241), with master\'s degree (OR = 2.021, 95%CI: 1.739 to 2.349) and professional title were subsenior (OR = 1.194, 95%CI: 1.125 to 1.267) were most likely to occur WPV. WPV occurred mostly in provincial capitals, public hospitals, primary and community hospitals, and departments of internal medicine, surgery, pediatrics, emergency medicine and mental health. Overall, 44.24% of doctors perceived that strengthening crackdowns on criminal behaviors was the most effective measure to prevent WPV against healthcare staff.
The frequency of WPV decreased after the implementation of relevant laws and policies. Future efforts should be made to strengthen crackdowns on illegal and criminal activities and to issue specific legal provisions on the prevention and control of WPV against doctors.